Chapter 12 Dna And Rna Vocabulary Terms

Front 1

Transfer RNA

Back 1

type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.

Front 2

Messenger RNA

Back 2

RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell.

Front 3

Ribosomal RNA

Back 3

type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes.

Front 4

Transformation

Back 4

the process in which one strain of bacteria changes into another one.

Front 5

bacteriophage

Back 5

a virus that infects and kills bacteria.

Front 6

helix

Back 6

shape formed by each stand of DNA

Front 7

replication

Back 7

process in which DNA makes a copy of itself

Front 8

DNA polymerase

Back 8

the principle enzyme involved in DNA replication

Front 9

histone

Back 9

protein that DNA wraps around in eukaryotic chromosomes.

Front 10

promoter

Back 10

signal in DNA that indicates to enzymes where to bind to make RNA

Front 11

introns

Back 11

three nucleotides that specify a single amino acid to be added to a polypeptide.

Front 12

codon

Back 12

gene that is transcribed into RNA

Front 13

mutation

Back 13

a change in DNA sequence that affects genetic information.

Front 14

expressed gene

Back 14

sections of RNA molecules that are removed before a eukaryotic gene becomes functional

Front 15

operon

Back 15

a group of genes that is operated together.

Front 16

nucleotides

Back 16

made up of three parts: a deoxyribose molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front 17

base pairing

Back 17

the principle that states that hydrogen bonds can form only between certain bases in DNA.

Front 18

chromatin

Back 18

Eukaryotic chromosomes contain both DNA and protein tightly packed together to form a substance.

Front 19

transcription

Back 19

RNA molecules are produced by copying part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA.

Front 20

RNA polymerase

Back 20

The enzyme that uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA.

Front 21

exons

Back 21

after introns have been cut out of RNA molecules, the remaining pieces are spliced together.

Front 22

translation

Back 22

the decoding of a mRNA message into a protein

Front 23

anticodon

Back 23

The three bases on the tRNA molecule that are complementary to one of the mRNA condons

Front 24

hox genes

Back 24

a series of genes that controls organs and tissues that develope in various parts of the embryo.