Dna

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DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

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A molecule that is present in any of various nucleic acids that are located especially in cell nuclei, are usually the chemical basis of heredity, and are composed of two nucleotide chains held together by hydrogen bonds in a pattern resembling a flexible twisted ladder

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NUCLEOTIDE

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Any of the basic units of structure of DNA or RNA that consist of a base joined to a sugar with five carbon atoms in a molecule and to a phosphate group

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GENE

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The structural unit of inheritance in living organisms.

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ADENINE

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One of four nitrogenous bases utilized in the synthesis of nucleic acids.

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THYMINE

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Involved in the formation of chemical compounds by a living organism in the preservation and transfer of genetic information.

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CYTOSINE

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A chemical base that is an important parts of DNA or RNA and codes genetic information in DNA and RNA

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GUANINE

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A purine base that codes genetic information in DNA and RNA

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SUGAR

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A sweet substance that is made up wholly or mostly of sucrose

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PHOSPHATE

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A salt of a phosphoric acid

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REPLICATION

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Very exact copying or duplication

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CHROMOSOMES

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One of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA-containing bodies of a cell nucleus that contain all or most of the genes of an organism and can be seen especially during cell division

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CELL DIVISION

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A process by which cells increase in number that usually involves division into similar parts of more or less equal size

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DOUBLE HELIX

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The arrangement in space of DNA that resembles a spirally twisted ladder

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CHARGAFF'S RULES

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DNA from any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine and purine bases

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ROSALIND FRANCIS

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Responsible for much of the research and discovery work that led to the understanding of the structure of DNA

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JAMES WATSON

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One of the discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule, who along with Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine

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FRANCIS CRICK

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One of the discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule who along with James Watson and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine

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ERWIN CHARGAFF

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Discovered two rules that helped lead to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA

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BASE PAIR

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Two nucleotides on opposite complementary DNA or RNA strands that are connected with hydrogen bonds

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X-RAY DIFFRACTION

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An analytical technique which uses the diffraction pattern produced by bombarding a single crystal with X-rays to solve the crystal structure

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COMPLEMENTARY STRAND

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Strands of DNA that are matching

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TWISTED LADDER

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A DNA molecule that looks like a twisted ladder