Diversity Of Life Quiz Two

Front 1

Membrane functions

Back 1

1) separate cellular environment from the outside environment 2) receive information 3)maintain homeostasis by importing and exporting molecules 4)has capacity for movement and/or expansion

Front 2

Lipids

Back 2

a macromolecule that provides physical structure and a permeable barrier. Are classified based on their solubility, as they are NONSOLUBLE. Can be saturated or non-saturated.

Front 3

Saturated Fats

Back 3

have no double bonds. Saturated with hydrogen bonds. solid at room temperature.

Front 4

unsaturated fats

Back 4

have double bonds. liquids at room temperature.

Front 5

amphipathic molecule

Back 5

contain both hydrophilic and hydorphobic properties.

Front 6

Micelle

Back 6

orientation of lipids where heads are facing out in a small cluster

Front 7

Why a bilayer or molecule?

Back 7

the exact configuration depends on the number of lipids and the size of the tails. It's more favorable to be ordered. They order spontaneously and it doesn't need energy.

Front 8

selectively permeable

Back 8

structure that allows some substances to cross more easily than others. temperature dependent: molecules move around a lot more and are less tightly packed when warmer.

Front 9

osmosis

Back 9

the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

Front 10

solute

Back 10

dissolved particles

Front 11

solvent

Back 11

solution that holds the solute

Front 12

hypotonic

Back 12

lower concentration of solute outside than inside. plant cells need to be slightly hypotonic for structure.

Front 13

isotonic

Back 13

same concentration outside and inside

Front 14

hypertonic

Back 14

higher concentration outside than inside

Front 15

passive transport

Back 15

no energy necessary. Diffusion is an example. Small and charge molecules do this easily

Front 16

facilitated diffusion

Back 16

for slightly larger and slightly charged molecules. Channel proteins can help here

Front 17

active transport

Back 17

moving against concentration gradient. Needs ATP

Front 18

Endocytosis

Back 18

bringing molecules into the cell

Front 19

phagocytosis

Back 19

cell trying to consume food or foreign object

Front 20

pinocytosis

Back 20

cell drinking

Front 21

exocytosis

Back 21

expelling molecules out of the cell

Front 22

Cells...

Back 22

are the basic unit of structure and function for life.
make up all living things
are derived from other cells
were first discovered in the 1650s
wutttuuuppp

Front 23

Cell Theory

Back 23

created in the 1800s. underpins all biology. used in astrobiology. used in medicine.

Front 24

What limits cell size?

Back 24

surface area for fuel diffusion

Front 25

Domains

Back 25

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

Front 26

Reason for Division

Back 26

reproduction, repair, growthhhh

Front 27

prokaryotic cell division

Back 27

BINARY FISSION

Front 28

Binary Fission

Back 28

1. cell grows producing ribosomes and cell wall
2. chromosomes divide
3. cell divides

Front 29

prokaryotic chromosomes

Back 29

only 1! circular.

Front 30

chromosome

Back 30

a strand of DNA double helix that's wrapped around proteins in an organized manner. In eukaryotic cells they are LINEARRRR dudess.

Front 31

Mitosis

Back 31

IPPMAT

Front 32

Cell division spends most time in what phase?

Back 32

what is, interphase, Alex

Front 33

Prophase

Back 33

chromosomes condense, {can see them with a light microscope at this stage. fascinating.}
centrioles start forming spindle apparatus.

Front 34

Prometaphase

Back 34

nuclear envelope starts to break down. spindle apparatus attaches to chromatids

Front 35

Metaphase

Back 35

chromosomes align at middle of cell, spindle totally attached

Front 36

anaphase

Back 36

chromatids pulled to opposite ends of the cell

Front 37

telophase

Back 37

reform nuclear membrane. chromosomes start to uncondense

Front 38

cytokinesis

Back 38

cell finished division. YAY!

Front 39

What part of Mitosis is most variable?

Back 39

G1

Front 40

mitosis promoting factor

Back 40

a protein, an enzyme that's mediated by a substrate. Negative feedback loop

Front 41

cell cycle checkpoints

Back 41

times when the cell cycle is halted

Front 42

cancer

Back 42

any of a group of diseases caused by unregulated cell growth which interferes with other tissues.

Front 43

HeLa Cells

Back 43

first immortalized cell line. robust. can do research on them without worrying about them dying. were taken with uninformed consent.

Front 44

gene

Back 44

a hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome that determines a particular characteristic of an organism

Front 45

allele

Back 45

a particular version of a gene

Front 46

dna

Back 46

codes for information. compared to morse code. DNA provides a code for RNA which provides code for protein.

Front 47

transcription

Back 47

DNA to RNA

Front 48

translation

Back 48

RNA-proteins

Front 49

CENTRAL DOGMA

Back 49

DNA-RNA-protein

Front 50

Genetic Code

Back 50

Genetic information that codes for amino acids.

Front 51

DNA to RNA

Back 51

DNA finds complementary strand. takes place in nucleus. Always start at start codon and end with the end codon.