Diuretic

Front 1

What is the type of drug that works in the PCT?

Back 1

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Front 2

The PCT is the major site for _____ reabsorption? What percentage does it reabsorb? (several things)

Back 2

amino acids, glucose, cations, sodium cloride and sodium bicarbonate, 60-70%

Front 3

Where is CA found in the PCT?

Back 3

On the brush border and inside the cell.

Front 4

What is the class of drugs that work in the TAL? What specifically does it inhibit?

Back 4

Loop diuretics, the Na,K,2Cl cotransporter.

Front 5

What 2 molecules are reabsorbed in the TAL?

Back 5

Ca and Mg

Front 6

What percentage of reabsorption takes place in the TAL?

Back 6

20-30%

Front 7

What does the K do in the TAL?

Back 7

K is pumped into the cell from both directions, thus, it "excapes" through a K-channel into the lumen. This creates a net Positive charge in the lumen.

Front 8

What is pumped out of the lumen of the nephron in the DCT?

Back 8

Na and Cl

Front 9

What class of drug works in the DCT?

Back 9

Thiazide diuretics

Front 10

What percentage of molecules is reabsorbed in the DCT?

Back 10

5-8%

Front 11

In what segment of the nephron does PTH work? What does it control?

Back 11

DCT, Ca reabsorption

Front 12

In which segment of the nephron does aldosterone work? What specically does it control?

Back 12

CCT, Na reabsorption, when Na is absorbed, K is excreted.

Front 13

What types of drugs work in the CCT?

Back 13

K-sparing diuretics

Front 14

What do K-sparing diuretics target?

Back 14

the aldosterone receptor and the Na channels of the CCT.

Front 15

What hormone controls water reabsorption?

Back 15

ADH in the CCT.

Front 16

Describe the effect of the CA inhibitor.

Back 16

It causes increased sodium bicarbonate excretion.

Front 17

Name a drug that is a CAi. It is a _____ derivative.

Back 17

Acetazolamide. sulfonamide

Front 18

Does the effect of CAi only happen in the nephron? Where else might it happen?

Back 18

NO, in eye and CSF

Front 19

If body bicarbonate is depleted _______ will result.

Back 19

metabolic acidosis

Front 20

Most drugs act from the _____ side of the membrane, and thus must be _____.

Back 20

luminal side, filtered through the glomerulus

Front 21

________, an aldosterone receptor antagonist group, enters the collecting tubule from the basolateral side.

Back 21

Spironolactone

Front 22

Acetazolamide can be use to treat _______, b/c it lowers the IOP.

Back 22

glaucoma

Front 23

Name a CAi that can be used to treat glaucoma and high-altitude sickness.

Back 23

Acetazolamide

Front 24

What is really the only reason that you would choose to prescribe aceatzolamide for its diruetic effect?

Back 24

if the person had signifcant metabolic alkalosis.

Front 25

Can acetazolamide cause kidney stones?

Back 25

yes

Front 26

Name an example of a loop diuretic. It is a ______ derviative.

Back 26

Furosemide, sulfonamide

Front 27

Loop diuretics inhibit the function of _____.

Back 27

the Na,K,Cl cotransporter

Front 28

Are the loop diuretics long or short acting?

Back 28

short, only lasts about 4-hours

Front 29

A full dose of furosemide causes __________.

Back 29

big excretion of Na and Cl. (sodium chloride diuresis)

Front 30

Without the Na,K,Cl cotransporter you loose the ____ potiental in the ____.

Back 30

loose the positive potential in the lumen.

Front 31

______ will result( the final state of body) from the use of fursoemide.

Back 31

hypokalemic alkalosis

Front 32

The use of a NSAID with a loop diuretic will greatly ______ the efficacy of the diuretic.

Back 32

decrease

Front 33

The major reason to use a loop diuretic is if the person has _______. What can cause this?

Back 33

edema, CHF and ascites

Front 34

What is another (smaller) reason to use furosemide. (other than for edema)?

Back 34

to treat severe hypercalcemia (from a malignacy) remember, Loop diuretics cause you to excrete Ca

Front 35

T or FL the use of furosemide can cause ototoxicity.

Back 35

true

Front 36

What could you do to detoxify a drug.

Back 36

alkalize the urine by using acetazolamide

Front 37

_____ is an osmotic diuretic.

Back 37

Mannitol

Front 38

Mannitol is used to ____ urine volume and ____ IOP.

Back 38

decrease, lower. (tons of water is excreted)

Front 39

_______ is similar to furosemide--it is a loop diuretic.

Back 39

Ethacrynic acid

Front 40

What drug would you use if the patient has pulmonary edema and needs a diiuretic?

Back 40

Furosemide

Front 41

Loop diuretics cause you to ___ the amount of Ca excreted into the lumen.

Back 41

increase

Front 42

Name 3 contratindications for using a loop diuretic.

Back 42

1- if they have gout
2- difficulty breathing
3- high blood pressure

Front 43

Loop diuretics cause ____ uric acid in the blood.

Back 43

increased

Front 44

ototoxicity is a side-effect of _____.

Back 44

loop diuretics

Front 45

Thiazide diuretics _____ the amount of Ca excretion.

Back 45

decrease

Front 46

Name a thiazide diuretic.

Back 46

HCTZ (hydrochlorothiazide)

Front 47

What is the drug of choice if a patient has high blood pressure?

Back 47

HCTZ

Front 48

____ is similar to HCTZ--it is a thiazide.

Back 48

Indapamide

Front 49

Can HCTZ cause hyperlipidemia?

Back 49

yes

Front 50

What is the name of the channel in the CCT that increases Na reabsorption and K excretion?

Back 50

amiloride-sensitive channel

Front 51

____ is similar to amiloride.

Back 51

Triamterene

Front 52

What drug is commonly used with HTCZ?

Back 52

amiloride

Front 53

Describe the action of amiloride.

Back 53

It blocks the channel Preventing Na reaborption and K excretion.

Front 54

YOu need to add amiloride in all cases of _____.

Back 54

Potassium wasting

Front 55

What drug would you use if the patient has hyperaldosteronism.

Back 55

spironolactone

Front 56

Gynomastica and hirsutism are side effects of what drug? why?

Back 56

spironolactone. It looks like testosterone

Front 57

In an emergeny situation, what diuretic is bast to use?

Back 57

loop diuretics--they are more potent