Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Before materials are disinfected or sterilized, they must be |
Cleaned (usually with detergents or enzymes) |
|
|
Cleaning removes how many folds of bacterial load |
1000 folds or more |
|
|
Disinfection doesn't remove |
bacterial spores |
|
|
The 2 types of disinfection are |
• Physical (thermal) disinfection • Chemical disinfection |
|
|
Thermal(physical) disinfection is grouped into two: |
(a) Boiling (at 100 °C for 20 minutes). (b) Pasteurization ( > 70 °C for 30 minutes): for respiratory and anaesthetic instrument |
|
|
The levels of disinfection are |
(a) High level disinfection ( destroys all microorganisms except bacterial spores). (b) Intermediate disinfection (destroys Mycobacterium tuberculosis, some viruses , fungi). (c) Low level disinfection ( destroys some bacteria, fungi, viruses but not Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is a resistant bacteria) |
|
|
Chemicals used for high level disinfection include |
• Sodium hypochlorite (also used for intermediate disinfection) • Peracetic acid • Formaldehyde • Glutaraldehyde • 6% Hydrogen peroxide
|
|
|
Intermediate level disinfection is done with |
(a) Alcohol(b) Iodine(c) Sodium hypochlorite |
|
|
Hypochlorite unique features |
(a) Unaffected by water hardness(b) Rapid acting like alcohol(c) It is corrosive to metals (unlike alcohol)(d) Inactivated by organic matter(e) Discolours fabric (e.g hypo; unlike alcohol)(f) Do not leave toxic residues |
|
|
Hypochlorite need to be prepared freshly for use because |
They are unstable and after preparation they should be used within 24 hours |
|
|
Duration of application of hypochlorite is |
Maximum of 10 minutes |
|
|
What concentration of hypochlorite is used for High level disinfection ? |
• 0.5-1% |
|
|
What concentration of hypochlorite is used for Low level disinfection ? |
0.05%-0.1% |
|
|
Iodine is used majorly as |
Antiseptic |
|
|
Glutaraldehyde is used for 2 things. Mention them |
(a) High level disinfection(b) chemical sterilization |
|
|
Mention the type of sterilization |
Mnemonic : D.E.P.H.I.S • Dry heat • Ethylene oxide • Peracetic acid • Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma • Irradiation • Steam (with autoclave) |
|
|
The most efficient type of sterilization is |
Steam sterilization |
|
|
Ethylene oxide (ETO) sterilizatioin is used for : |
Heats labile materials ( It is flammable, colourless and toxic) |
|
|
Spaulding classification of materials is into 3 groups . Mention them |
(a) Critical items(b) Semi-critical items(c) Non-critical items |
|
|
What are critical items |
These are equipments make direct contact with body's sterile tissues and organs . They penetrate the skin e.g needles and catheters |
|
|
Critical items are treated with which process |
Sterilization strictly (even high disinfection can't be used because bacteria spores will still be present) |
|
|
What are semicritical items |
These are instrument that make contact with non- intact skin and mucous membranes of the body ( e.g mouth, nose, vagina, anus etc) |
|
|
Semi critical items are treated by what process |
Minimum of High-level sterilization (because of resistant microbes that can easily cross mucous membrane) |
|
|
What are non-critical items ? |
These are instruments that make contact with intact skin so they have very low chance of causing infections e.g thermometer, blood pressure cuff etc . |
|
|
Non-critical items are treated with |
Cleaning or low level disinfection would suffice |
|
|
How often should one clean |
Once a day |
|
|
Environmental cleaning should involve |
(a) No sweeping (dust particle transfer microbes.Vacuum is better) (b) No dry dusting (only damp dusting)(c) Damp mopping(d) Use clean water and soap(e) clean from clean area to dirty area |
|
|
How do you take care of spills |
• cover spill area with paper towel or cloth• Pour 0.5-1% bleach and leave for 30 minutes (to sterilize)• Remove towel wltn gloves and discard appropriately• Wash surface with soap and water• Sterilize with 0.5-1% bleach on surface |
