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100 Cards in this Set
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Staphylococcus |
Round cluster Gram positive No spores Mesophilic Aerobic |
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Staphylococcus aureus |
Scalded Skin Syndrome Impetigo Skin diseases |
2 diseases |
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Scalded Skin Syndrome |
Staphylococcus aureus Skin disease Part of normal microbiota Causes erythema and exfoliation |
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Erythema |
Redness |
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Exfoliation problems |
More prone to infection Dehydration |
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Impetigo |
Staphylococcus aureas Skin disease Entry: skin Exit: drainage Spread by: fomites Causes macular papular rash and vesicular pustular rash |
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Macular papular rash |
Empty raised bumps |
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Vesicular pustular rash |
Vesicles are raised with serum Pustules are raised with pus |
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Staphylococcus pyogenes |
Pimples Boils Carbuncles Abscesses Paronychia |
5 diseases Pus under skin |
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Boils |
Also known as furuncles |
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Carbuncles |
Chain of boils Accompanied by fever, tired, achy, sore |
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Abscess |
Walled off area of pus Can form internally and externally |
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Paronychia |
Infection of the nail bed |
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Streptococcus |
Round chains Gram positive No spores Aerobic Mesophilic |
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Classifications of Strep |
Alpha Beta Gamma |
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Alpha Strep |
Low grade infections Slight hemolysis |
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Beta strep |
Fulminant Infections Great hemolysis |
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Gamma strep |
Doesn't cause disease in humans No hemolysis |
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Streptococcus pyogenes |
Erysipelas Scarlet Fever Strep Throat Puerperal Sepsis Skin disease, Respiratory disease and Febrile disease |
4 diseases |
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Erysipelas |
Streptococcus pyogenes Skin disease Entry: skin Exit: drainage More likely to get it again Causes swelling, cracked skin and weeping sores |
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Scarlet Fever |
Streptococcus pyogenes Respiratory disease Entry: inhalation Exit: respiratory secretions Causes flu-like, rash, and fever |
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Strep Throat |
Streptococcus pyogenes Respiratory disease Entry: Inhalation Exit: respiratory secretions Complications: endocarditis and/or rheumatic fever |
State complications also |
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Dysphagia |
Difficulty swallowing |
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Puerperal Sepsis |
Streptococcus pyogenes Febrile Disease During or after childbirth Entry: mucous membranes |
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Yersinia Pestis |
Bubonic Plague Pneumonic Plague Septicemic Plague |
3 diseases Plague |
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Bubonic Plague |
Yersinia pestis Skin disease 40% fatality rate Entry: vector (rat flea bite) Non-communicable Causes bubos and black skin |
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Bubos |
Areas of hemorrhaging in the skin |
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Pneumonic plague |
Yersinia Pestis Respiratory disease 90% fatality rate Entry: vector (rat flea bite) Causes severe damage to the lungs |
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Septicemic plague |
Yersinia pestis Febrile disease 60-70% fatality rate |
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Mycobacterium leprae |
Skin disease Leprosy Entry: skin Exit: drainage Latent period: 15 yrs Not highly communicable Causes hyaluronidase (kills connective tissue)
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Bacillus Anthracis |
Skin or respiratory disease Anthrax Zoonosis: cattle and sheep Spore forming Only Aerobic organism that forms spores Largest bacteria Entry: skin or inhalation Exit: drainage or respiratory secretions Causes external pustules |
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Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Pneumonia Respiratory disease Entry: inhalation Exit: secretions Not very communicable Opportunist Causes fluid build up in lungs, productive cough, lung hardening and blood in sputum |
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Otitis media |
Ear infection Non-communicable More common in children due to straight ear canal Causes fluid build up in the ear |
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Klebsiella pneumoniae |
Respiratory disease Pneumonia (serious) Part of normal microbiota in GI Difficult to treat Higher fatality rate |
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Bordatella pertussis |
Respiratory disease Whooping cough in children Extremely contagious Causes barking uncontrollable cough with whooping sound upon inhalation and amblyopea Entry: inhalation Exit: respiratory secretions |
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Amblyopea |
Uncontrollable movement of the eye |
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Haemophilus Influenzae |
Respiratory disease Pharyngitis, otitis media, sinusitis and pneumonia Entry: inhalation Exit: secretions |
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Corynebacterium Diptheriae |
Respiratory disease Diptheria Diagnostic sign: pseudomembrane Creates membrane in throat that blocks airway |
Has a diagnostic sign |
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
Respiratory disease Tuberculosis Can be pulmonary (inside lung) or extrapulmonary (outside lung) Entry: inhalation Exit: respiratory secretions |
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Stages of TB |
-Body builds up walls of calcium in the lung to keep organism out -Tubercules: walls of calcium in lung -Caeseation necrosis: lung tissue dies and falls apart -Cavitation: holes left in lung from dying tissue |
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Mycobacterium avium |
Respiratory disease Microbacterial disease Opportunist in TB & AIDS Pulmonary (inside lung) Less severe than TB |
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Pseudomonas pseudomallei |
Respiratory disease Mellioidosis (Vietnamese timebomb) Latent: 6-7 yrs Only in SE Asia |
Asian disease |
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Pseudomonas Mallei |
Respiratory disease Glanders Only horses can get it Causes Farsi in humans (deterioration of skin) Entry: Extended exposure to horse feces Exit: Horses feces |
Horses |
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
Respiratory disease Walking pneumonia Pleomorphic (can change shape) Smallest bacteria |
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Legionella pneumophilia |
Respiratory disease Legionnaire's disease High humidity and frequent temperature changes make it grow Non-communicable Get it from: water fountains and A/C units |
VA hospital in Pittsburgh |
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Escherichia coli |
Urinary disease E. Coli Normal microbiota Causes pyelonephritis, cystitis, peritonitis and blockage in digestive tract Systemic Cooking kills it |
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Peritonitis |
Inflammation of abdominal lining |
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Pyelonephritis |
Inflammation of kidneys |
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Ureaplasma urealyticum |
Urinary disease Urethritis Burning upon urination Spread by: STI and placenta/birth |
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Enteric bacilli |
Gram-negative No spores Facultative anaerobes Warm blooded animals Highly motile (move easily through digestive system) |
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Streptococcus faecalis |
Enteritis Gastrointestinal disease Spread through oral fecal route Causes inflammation of small intestine, food poisoning, nausea vomiting cramping and diarrhea Entry: ingestion Exit: feces |
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Salmonella |
GI disease 250 species Susceptible to heat chemicals and radiation Refrigeration will not kill Spread through fecal-oral route Vector: flies (mechanical) 10,000 organisms needed to get disease |
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Salmonella typhi |
GI disease Typhoid fever Leukopenia Causes fever and bowel disturbance Secondary infections are common Gain immunity after being exposed 3-5 % become carriers |
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Salmonella paratyphi |
Paratyphoid fever GI disease Milder than typhoid fever Immunity after exposure |
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Shigella dysenteriae |
GI disease Dysentery 10 organisms needed to cause disease Not seen in USA |
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Vibrio cholera |
GI disease Cholera Spread by water Causes cramping diarrhea nausea and vomiting Seen in third world countries |
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
GI disease Gastroenteritis Attacks stomach and intestine Halophitic: likes salt Found in Seafood usually Raw Cooking kills it |
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Campylobacter jejuni |
GI disease Attacks stomach and intestine Campylobacteriosis |
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Helicobacter pylori |
GI disease Cause of peptic ulcers which Hemorrhage or perforate wall of intestine Peptic ulcers found in small intestine |
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Treponema pallidum |
Sexually transmitted infection Spirochete Syphilis 3 stages: -primary -secondary -tertiary |
3 stages also |
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Primary stage of syphilis |
Chancre: ulcerations on genitals, eye, mouth or rectum Curable with antibiotics |
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Secondary stage of syphilis |
Rash on whole body Curable with antibiotics |
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Tertiary stage of syphilis |
Gumma: loss of tissue where chancre was 15-20 years to get to this point Cardiovascular and nerve damage Terminal |
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Nisseria gonorrhea |
Sexually transmitted infection Gonorrhea Urethritis and discharge Can cause infertility Can also affect the eyes -inclusion conjunctivitis in adults -ophthalmia neonatorum in babies, can spread through the birth canal and affect fetus causing blindness |
Can affect eyes and babies also |
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Haemophilus ducreyi |
Sexually transmitted infection Soft chancroid disease Warts |
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Staphylococcus anaerobius |
Eye disease Conjunctivitis/ pink eye Infection of eye lining Very contagious |
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Haemophilus aegyptius |
Eye disease Conjunctivitis |
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Nisseria meningitis |
Neurological disease Meningitis Entry: inhalation Exit: respiratory secretions Can be fatal Attacks the dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid Causes headache, Respiratory problems |
Affects nervous system and brain |
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Meningococcemia |
Neurological disease Fulminant form of meningitis Attacks vascular system; can lead to vascular collapse Entry: inhalation Exit: respiratory secretions |
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Clostridium tetani |
Neurological disease Anaerobic Spore forming Tetanus aka lock jaw Non-communicable Entry: deep puncture wound Systemic Severe muscle contractions |
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Clostridium botulinum |
Neurological disease Botulism Spore forming Food Bourne Undercooked food or damaged packaging Infant Botulism: unpasteurized milk or honey |
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TSS |
Staphylococcus Causes rash, fever, low bp Entry: break in skin or ruptured mucous membranes |
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Francisella tularensis |
Febrile disease Tularemia (rabbit fever) Zoonosis: rabbits Spread through feces, Respiratory secretions, blood, meat Non-communicable Causes fever, Respiratory problems |
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Borrelia recurrentis |
Febrile disease Relapsing fever Vector: ticks and lice (mechanical) Fever comes and goes for a few months |
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Borrelia burgdorferi |
Febrile disease Lyme disease Vector: deer tick (biological) Causes bullseye rash, chorea, arthritis and endocarditis Most common tick borne disease |
Ticks |
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Chorea |
Involuntary jerking |
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Leptospira interrogans |
Febrile disease Leptospirosis Zoonosis: deer Spread by urine, blood, meat Non-communicable Affects the liver (jaundice), high fever Long recovery period |
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Borrelia vincentii |
Febrile disease Vincent's angina (trench mouth) From poor hygiene Entry: mucous membranes of mouth Exit: saliva Causes inflammation of gums and damage of teeth |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Febrile disease Comes from wound infections (burns) Causes abscesses, otitis media, sinus infection and pneumonia Opportunist in people with cystic fibrosis Spread in hospitals via medical equipment Can be fatal if an underlying condition is present |
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Listeria monocytogenes |
Febrile disease Listeria Comes from just about any type of food Ex: dairy, vegetables, processed foods |
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Clostridium perfringens |
Febrile disease Gas gangrene Causes tissue death and swelling Skin will be moist and have an extreme odor Tissue gas in deceased Antifreeze can kill it |
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Rickettsia |
Bacteria Very small Rod-shaped Can be in any formation including clusters Gram-negative Obligate parasites Insects are natural host |
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Rickettsia prowazekii |
Typhus fever (old world) Vector: body lice (biological) Causes fever Spread by secretions |
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Rickettsia typhi |
Typhus fever (new world) Vector: rat fleas and body lice Spread by secretions |
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Rickettsia rickettsii |
Rocky Mountain spotted fever Vector: ticks Mild disease Western: wood tick (most severe) Eastern: dog tick Southern: lone star tick |
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Rickettsia akari |
Rickettsial pox Vector: house mouse mites |
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Rickettsia conorii |
Fievre boutonneuse Causes very dark rash Vector: sand fly |
French |
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Rickettsia tsutsugamushi |
Scrub typhus Vector: mites Causes fever and lymphadenopathy |
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Lymphadenopathy |
Swollen Lymph nodes and glands |
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Rickettsia Quintana |
Trench fever Causes high fever Vector: body lice Humans are natural host |
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Coxiella burnetii |
Rickettsia Q fever Zoonosis: cows and goats |
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Chlamydia |
Round to oval Very small Have DNA and RNA Gram negative like (no peptidoglycan) -will only stain with iodine Obligate parasites |
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Trachoma |
Chlamydia Chronic (remission and exacerbation) Conjunctivitis Spread by direct contact, fomites, vectors Vector: flies Leading cause of blindness in USA |
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Chlamydia trachomatis |
Trachoma Non-gonococcal urethritis Inclusion conjunctivitis Pneumonia |
4 diaeases |
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Non-gonococcal urethritis |
Chlamydia Burning upon urination Spread sexually Very common in US |
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Inclusion conjunctivitis |
Chlamydia Congenital in babies Sexually transmitted in adults |
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Pneumonia |
Chlamydia Entry: inhalation Exit: secretions Can be Congenital |
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Lymphogranuloma venereum |
Chlamydia STD Systemic Males 20x more likely Ulceration of genitals then inguinal/pelvic nodes Severe scarring and deformity |
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Chlamydia psittaci |
Psitticosis Zoonosis: birds Respiratory Spreading between humans is rare Spreads by bird feces |
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Bartonella henselae aka Bartonella quintana |
Chlamydia Cat scratch fever Causes papules, lymphadenopathy and fistulas Non-communicable Localized Spread by cat scratch or feces and saliva of cat |
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