Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the functions of the digestive tract?
|
1. ingestion
2. digestion 3. absorption of nutrients 4. elimination |
|
|
The process of digestion requires:
|
1. adequate intake of food and fluids
2. the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food 3. the movement of food through the digestive tract |
|
|
What is digestion?
|
breakdown of food into simple nutrient molecules that can be used by the cells
|
|
|
What are 2 other names that refer to the digestive tract
|
gastrointestional tract and alimentary tract
|
|
|
List some accessory organs to the digestive tract.
|
1. salivary glands
2. liver 3. gallbladder 4. pancreas |
|
|
What are the main parts of the digestive tract?
|
1. mouth
2. pharynx 3. esophagus 4. stomach 5. small intestines 6. large intestine(colon) 7. anus |
|
|
What are some functions of the mouth?
|
1. teeth cut/grind the food
2. salivary glands secrete saliva, which contains Amylase 3. tongue helps by mixing saliva with food and pressing it against the teeth and forces the food into the pharynx |
|
|
What are some characteristics of the pharynx?
|
1. joins mouth and nasal passages to the esophagus
2. epiglottis-covers airway when swallowing |
|
|
What are some characteristics of the esophagus?
|
circular, wavelike contractions of the muscles of the digestive tract propel food down the tract--peristalsis
|
|
|
What separates the digestive tract from the esophagus?
|
cardiac sphincter
|
|
|
What is chyme?
|
semiliquid mass
|
|
|
What do gastric secretions include?
|
rennin-breaks down milk proeins
lipase-breaks down fats pepsin & HCL-partially digest proteins |
|
|
What keeps the food in the stomach until properly mixed?
|
pyloric sphincter
|
|
|
What are the 3 parts of the small intestines?
|
1. duodenum
2. jejunum 3. ileum |
|
|
Where do pancreatic and liver secretions enter the digestive tract?
|
the duodenum
|
|
|
List the 3 layers of tissue that make up the walls of the small intestines?
|
1. mucuous membrane layer-secretes enzymes sucrase, lactase, maltase...
2. inner layer-lined with villi 3. muscle layers-contract to continue mixing chyme, moving it towards large intestines |
|
|
Where does chyme enter the large intestines?
|
ileocecal valve
|
|
|
what are the sections of the large intestines?
|
1. cecum- contains appendix
2. ascending colon (hepatic flexure) 3. transverse colon 4. descending colon (splenic flexure) 5. sigmoid colon 6. rectum 7. anus |
|
|
The presence of _____in the anus allows wastes to be storede until voluntary elimination occurs.
|
sphincters
|
|
|
What is the function of the colon?
|
to absorb water from the chyme and eliminate the remaining solid wastes in the form of feces
|
|
|
List some age related changes in the GI tract
|
1. teeth mechanically worn down
2. gingiva tends to recede 3. xerostomia(dry mouth) 4. loss of taste buds 5. walls of esophagus & stomach become thinner 6. secretions lessen 7. gastric emptying delayed 8. hunger contractions diminish 9. blood flow decreases 10. muscles atrophy |
|
|
What are some diagnostic tests used for digestive disorders?
|
radiographic studies, endoscopic exams, lab studies
|
|
|
What are some radiographic studies?
|
--study the structure and function of digestive tract
1. upper GI series and barium swallow-NPO, contrast 2. small bowel series-contrast,films taken 20-30 min intervals 3. barium enema-contrast, NPO |
|
|
What are endoscopic exams
|
--permit direct inspection of hallow, interior organs through a lighted tube called and endoscope
|
|
|
Which endoscopic exams consist of the upper GI tract?
|
esophagoscopy, gastroscopy, gastroduodenoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography
|
|
|
Which endoscopic exams consist of the lower GI tract?
|
colonoscopy, proctoscopy, sigmoidoscopy
|
|
|
What is gastric analysis?
|
performed to determine the HCL content of the gastric fluid; an NG tubeis inserted and gastric secretions are withdrawn every 15 min for 1 hour
|
|
|
What is occult blood?
|
blood not visible by the naked eye; hidden blood
|
|
|
What tyoe of specimens are tested for occult blood?
|
vomitus, gastric secretions, stool
|
|
|
What are stool specimens tested for?
|
blood bile, pathogenic organisms, and parasite ova
|
