Digestive System I

Front 1

1. What type of lining epithelium is in the mouth and esophagus?

Back 1

a. Stratified squamous

Front 2

2. What type of lining epithelium is in the stomach and intestine?

Back 2

a. Simple columnar

Front 3

3. What is the lamina propria?

Back 3

a. Underlying loose connective tissue

Front 4

4. What is characteristically found in the lamina propria?

Back 4

a. High number of blood-derived leukocytes

Front 5

5. What is the muscularis mucosae? What is its function?

Back 5

a. Thin layer of smooth muscle
b. Separates mucosa from submucosa

Front 6

6. What type of tissue makes up the submucosa?

Back 6

a. Dense connective tissue

Front 7

7. What nervous structure is located in the submucosa?

Back 7

a. Submucosal (or Meissner’s) plexus

Front 8

8. What vascular structure is found in the submucosa?

Back 8

a. Vascular plexus→ sends blood vessels to the mucosa

Front 9

9. Of what is the muscularis externa composed?

Back 9

a. Smooth muscle in alimentary canal
b. Skeletal muscle in upper part of esophagus

Front 10

10. What are the two muscular layers of the muscularis externa?

Back 10

a. Inner circular layer
b. Outer longitudinal layer

Front 11

11. What structure lies between the two layers of the muscularis externa?

Back 11

a. Myenteric or Auerbach’s plexus

Front 12

12. What is the mesothelium? Where is it found?

Back 12

a. Lining of simple squamous epithelium
b. Found in alimentary canal and peritoneal cavity

Front 13

13. What is the serosa? Where is it found?

Back 13

a. Mesothelium along with thin underlying layer of connective tissue

Front 14

14. What function does the adventitia serve?

Back 14

a. Covers parts of the alimentary canal that are not within the peritoneal cavity

Front 15

15. What does the adventitia lack when compared to serosa?

Back 15

a. Simple squamous epithelium

Front 16

16. What is the principal tissue type in adventitia?

Back 16

a. Loose connective tissue

Front 17

a. What does the oral cavity lack when compared to the rest of the alimentary canal?

Back 17

i. Muscularis externa
ii. Serosa/adventitia

Front 18

b. What does the mucosa of the oral cavity lack when compared to other mucosa?

Back 18

i. Muscularis mucosae

Front 19

c. What type of epithelium comprises the oral mucosa?

Back 19

i. Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Front 20

d. At what point does the epithelium of the oral cavity become keratinized?

Back 20

i. Hard palate
ii. Gingiva
iii. Some regions of the tongue

Front 21

e. Where are the minor salivary glands found?

Back 21

i. Submucosa of the oral cavity
ii. Located in the wall of the oral cavity

Front 22

f. What is the function of the minor salivary glands? What is their morphology?

Back 22

i. Mucous secreting glands
ii. Branched tubular or tubuloalveolar glands

Front 23

ii. What surface of the tongue is keratinized?

Back 23

1. Dorsal surface

Front 24

iii. What type of muscle fibers make up the tongue?

Back 24

1. Skeletal

Front 25

1. What is the most abundant type of lingual papillae?

Back 25

a. Filiform papillae

Front 26

2. What type of epithelium is found on filiform papillae?

Back 26

a. Highly keratinized epithelium

Front 27

3. What is the function of the filiform papillae?

Back 27

a. Mechanical role
b. NO TASTE BUDS

Front 28

4. Where are taste buds located?

Back 28

On apical surface of fungiform papillae
and sides of circumvallate and foliate papillae

Front 29

5. Where are fungiform papillae found to be most highly concentrated?

Back 29

a. On the tip of the tongue

Front 30

6. What is the morphology of circumvallate papillae?

Back 30

a. Large, circular, dome-shaped structures

Front 31

7. Where are circumvallate papillae located?

Back 31

a. Back of the tongue

Front 32

8. How many circumvallate papillae are located on the tongue?

Back 32

a. 8-12

Front 33

9. What surrounds the circumvallate papillae? What type of epithelium is found therein?

Back 33

a. Moat-like groove
b. Allows tongue to respond to changing stimuli

Front 34

10. What is the morphology of foliate papillae? Where are they found?

Back 34

a. Parallel low ridges on the lateral sides of the tongue

Front 35

11. Where do von Ebner’s glands empty? What is the function of their secretion?

Back 35

a. Empty into moat surrounding circumvallate papillae
b. Also empty into ridges between foliate papillae
c. Function is to allow the tongue to respond to changing stimuli

Front 36

12. In what structures are taste buds found?

Back 36

a. Fungiform papillae
b. Circumvallate papillae
c. Foliate papillae

Front 37

1. What is the main role of the major salivary glands?

Back 37

a. Production of saliva

Front 38

2. What are the functions of saliva?

Back 38

a. Lubricate oral cavity and moisten food
b. Initiate digestion of carbohydrates
c. Inhibit microbial growth
d. Contains IgA
e. Source of calcium and phosphate ions for tooth development

Front 39

3. What is the stroma of the salivary glands?

Back 39

a. Capsule of dense connective tissue surrounding the gland

Front 40

4. What types of cells make up serous acini?

Back 40

a. Protein-secreting serous cells

Front 41

5. What is the appearance of the nucleus of a serous acinar cell?

Back 41

a. Euchromatic
b. At the center of the cell

Front 42

6. What is the shape of a serous acinar cell?

Back 42

a. Spherical

Front 43

7. What type of cells make up mucous acinar cells?

Back 43

a. Mucus-secreting cells

Front 44

8. What is the appearance of the nucleus of mucous acinar cells?

Back 44

a. Heterochromatic
b. Basally located

Front 45

9. What is the morphology of mucous cells?

Back 45

a. Columnar in shape

Front 46

10. What is the shape of mucous acini?

Back 46

a. Tubular shape

Front 47

11. What are the two components of mixed acini?

Back 47

a. Tubular mucous component
b. Serous cap (demilune)

Front 48

12. What is the function of myoepithelial cells?

Back 48

a. Contractile cells in basal parts of acinar secretory system

Front 49

1. From where do intercalated ducts originate?

Back 49

a. Secretory acini

Front 50

2. What type of epithelium lines intercalated ducts?

Back 50

a. Cuboidal epithelium

Front 51

3. What is the function of striated ducts?

Back 51

Keep the saliva hypotonic and Connect intercalated ducts to interlobular ducts

Front 52

4. What type of epithelium lines striated ducts?

Back 52

a. Simple columnar epithelium

Front 53

5. Where are the mitochondria located in striated ducts?

Back 53

a. Infoldings of the basal plasma membrane

Front 54

6. What is the function of the infoldings in striated ducts?

Back 54

a. Maintain the ionic composition of saliva
b. Make saliva hyptonic by actively transporting NaCl from saliva

Front 55

7. What type of epithelium lines interlobular ducts?

Back 55

a. Stratified columnar epithelium

Front 56

8. What type of gland is the parotid gland?

Back 56

a. Serous

Front 57

9. What type of glands are submandibular salivary glands? What type of acini do they contain?

Back 57

a. Mixed glands
b. Mostly serous acini

Front 58

10. What type of glands are the sublingual salivary glands? What type of acini do they contain?

Back 58

a. Mixed glands
b. Mostly mucous acini

Front 59

11. In what salivary glands are tumors most likely to occur? What percentage of them are benign?

Back 59

a. Major salivary glands
b. 80% are benign

Front 60

12. What is the most common type of salivary gland tumor? Of what type of cells is it composed?

Back 60

a. Pleomorphic adenoma
b. Ductal and myoepithelial cells