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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the two types of organs in the Digestive system |
Alimentary Canal (GI Tract) Accessory Digestive Organs |
GI and other |
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What areas of the digestive system are include in the GI tract? |
Oral Cavity, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine |
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What parts of the digestive system are the accessory organs? |
Teeth, tongue, gall bladder, salivary glands, liver, pancreas |
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What are the six essential activities of the digestive system |
1.Ingestion 2. Propulsion 3. Mechanical Breakdown 4. Digestion 5. Absorption 6. Defecation |
IPMDAD |
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What are the two forms of propulsion |
Peristalsis Segmentation |
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What are the two types of GI regulatory Mechanisms |
Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors |
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What things to regulatory mechanisms of the GI tract respond to? |
stretch, changes in osmolarity and pH, presences of substrate |
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What is the Preitoneum? |
serous membrane of the abdominal cavity |
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What is the Visceral Peritoneum |
serous membrane that covers the external surface of most digestive organs |
Visceral=variety |
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What is the Parietal peritoneum |
lines the body wall |
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What is the Mesentary? |
a double layer of peritoneum where blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves emerge |
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What are retroparetineal organs? |
Organs posterior to the parietal cavity |
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What is peritonitis? |
Inflammation of the peritoneum |
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What causes peritonitis? |
When there is a rupture or piercing in the peritoneal coverings and they stick together as they heal, localizing infection |
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How is Peritonitis treated? |
debris removal and antibiotics |
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What branches aorta serve the digestive organs? |
Hepatic, splenic, left gastric arteries (celiac trunk), inferior and superior mesenteric arteries |
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What two veins join together to form the portal vein? |
The splenic vein and the hepatic vein |
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What is the importance of the hepatic portal circulation |
Drains nutrient-rich bloods from digestive organs and delivers it to the lover for processing |
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What are the four basic layers or tunics of the Alimentary canal? |
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serous |
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What is the main composition of the Epithelium of the alimentary tract |
simple columnar and mucus-secreting |
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What are the three sublayer of the mucosa |
Epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae |
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What does the submucosa contain? |
Areolar connective tissue, blood and vessels, lymphoid follicles, and submucosal nerve plexus |
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What is the role of muscularis externa |
segmentation and peristalsis |
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What is a thickened circular layer of the muscularis externa? |
sphincters |
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What is the difference between the serosa and visceral peritoneum? |
There is none, they are more or less the same thing |
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What part of the digestive system is not covered by serosa? |
The esophagus |
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What does the esophagus have instead of serosa? |
adventita |
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True or False, retroperitoneal organs have both an adventitia and serosa |
True |
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What is the intrinsic nerve supply of the alimentary canal? |
The Enteric Nervous system |
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Which nerve plexus controls GI tract motility? |
The myenteric nerve plexus |
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What parts of the mouth is the hard palate made from? |
The palatine bones and palatine processes of maxillae |
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What is the function of the soft palatte? |
Pprotecting the function of the airway by way of the nasopharynx |
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What are the 4 types of papillae? |
Filiform, fungiform, vallate, foliate |
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What are the two parts of the tongue and how much of the tongue do they take up? |
Body (anterior 2/3 of tongue) Root (posterior 1/3 of tongue) |
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What are the three major salivary glands? |
Parotid, submandibular, sublingual |
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What is the largest of the salivary glands? |
Parotid |
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What does the submucosal nerve plexus regulate? |
glands and smooth muscles in the mucosa |
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What enzyme breaks down startch? |
amylase |
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Where do the ducts of the submandibular gland open? |
Base of the lingual frenulum |
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On average, how many ducts are associated with the sublingual gland? |
10-12 |
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What are the two types of secretory cells in salivary glands? |
Serous Mucous |
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What is the cell make of of the three main salivary glands? |
Parotid (mostly serous) Submandibular (mostly serous) sublingual (mostly mucous) |
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Which cranial nerves are stimulated by salivatory nuclei? |
VII and IX |
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what lines the pharynx |
stratified squamous epithelial mucous secreting cells |
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where does the esophagus join the stomach? |
The gastroesophageal junction (esophageal hiatus) |
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True or false: Heartburn cannot lead to esophageal cancer |
False |
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What digestinve processes happen in the mouth? |
Ingestion, Mechanical breakdown, Propulsion and digestion |
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