Digestion (Phys Lab)

Front 1

What is the first, and only, enzyme to act on food in the mouth?

Back 1

amylase

Front 2

What structure is different in rats that prevents them from vomiting food or poison back up?

Back 2

cardiac oriface

Front 3

What ionic compound do parietal cells secrete?

Back 3

HCl

Front 4

Which organs contain the 3 portal systems we learned about this semester?

Back 4

hypothalamus->anterior pituitary, intestine->liver, kidney cortex->kidney medulla

Front 5

What does bicarbonate do to the pH of the stomach output to the intestine?

Back 5

neutralize by raising pH

Front 6

What combines with acetic acid derived from ethanol to build up fatty acid chains 2 carbons at a time (causing a fatty metamorphosis of the liver)?

Back 6

coA

Front 7

Hepatitis is a disease that spills what into the blood?

Back 7

bile

Front 8

A carboxypeptidase cuts which terminal of a protein?

Back 8

carboxy

Front 9

A bolus of food moves down the esophagus via what movement?

Back 9

peristalsis

Front 10

Why must cells be produced by mitoses very readily in the intestines?

Back 10

they digest themselves

Front 11

Give an exception to the general truth that functional proteins cannot be absorbed in the digestive system.

Back 11

mother's antibodies in breast feeding (also prions)

Front 12

Most absorption occurs in the intestine. Name a drug whose absorption begins in the stomach.

Back 12

aspirin, alcohol

Front 13

What is another word for inactive enzyme or precursor of an enzyme?

Back 13

zymogen

Front 14

In addition to acidity, what pathology causes ulcers in the stomach?

Back 14

bacteria (Helicobacter pylori)

Front 15

What does bile do to fats?

Back 15

emulsify

Front 16

Why do you have a lot of folds and "crypts" in the intestines?

Back 16

to increase surface area

Front 17

Amino acids are cotransported from the lumen along with what ion?

Back 17

Na+

Front 18

Where do the pancreas and common bile duct "dump" their contents?

Back 18

duodenum

Front 19

Why is it useful to have a portal vessel from the intestine to the liver?

Back 19

to detoxify

Front 20

What makes feces dark?

Back 20

Urobilinogen

Front 21

After passing the basolateral cell surface in the company of proteins, fats are picked up via which system?

Back 21

lymphatic

Front 22

What nerve from the brain sends parasympathetic input to the enteric nervous system?

Back 22

vagus

Front 23

Where does the bicarbonate that neutralizes stomach acid come from?

Back 23

pancreas

Front 24

Many factors including hormones controls gastric emptying via what "valve?"

Back 24

pyloric sphincter

Front 25

When I was in first grade, we were told to keep a saltine cracker in our mouth and notice that eventually it tasted sweet. What enzyme is responsible for this?

Back 25

salivary amylase

Front 26

What is the specific name for the microvillar apical membrane of the intestinal cell?

Back 26

brush border

Front 27

What are the lymph vessels that are important to transport fats from the intestine?

Back 27

lacteals

Front 28

You swallow a bolus, and it gets broken apart and mixed with lots of fluid. What is the name of the fluid mixture emptying into the intestine?

Back 28

chyme

Front 29

Why does sodium need to be pumped for glucose transport in intestinal cells?

Back 29

sodium glucose transporter

Front 30

What cells make pepsinogen?

Back 30

chief

Front 31

What vitamin important for blood clotting is made by bacteria in the large intestine?

Back 31

vitamin K

Front 32

Absence of what protein is the cause of edema from liver failure?

Back 32

Albumin

Front 33

What is the term for the smooth muscle contractions that move "food" through the gut?

Back 33

peristalsis (motility)

Front 34

What is the name of the "valve" that controls gastric emptying?

Back 34

pyloric sphincter

Front 35

"Chief cells secrete pepsin." Almost correct. What do they actually secrete?

Back 35

pepsinogen

Front 36

In addition to crypts and villi, what increases the surface area for contact (of intestinal cells with the lumen)?

Back 36

brush border (microvilli)

Front 37

What is the source of trypsinogen?

Back 37

pancreas

Front 38

What is the function of the bicarbonate secreted into the duodenum?

Back 38

neutralize acid from stomach

Front 39

In terms of one function of the liver, why is it no surprise that there is cholesterol in gall stones?

Back 39

salts of cholesterol emulsify fats

Front 40

Biochemically, why would there be fat deposits in the liver after an alcohol binge?

Back 40

alcohol -> aldehyde -> acetic acid -> acetyl CoA adds to fatty acids

Front 41

Chylomicrons are composed of protein and (what else?).

Back 41

triglycerides

Front 42

What enzyme or product do Chief cells and Parietal Cells make?

Back 42

Chief Cells – make pepsinogen

Parietal Cells – Make Hydrochloric Acid

Front 43

What transporters and transport processes are used to transport glucose into the blood from the intestine?

Back 43

Na/Glu transporter on apical side of intestinal cell to pump both glu and Na in

K/Na transporter to pump Na out of cell on basal side and K in.

Glut-2 transporter pump Glu out into capillary

Front 44

What is cirrhosis and how does alcohol consumption lead to cirrhosis?

Back 44

scarring of the liver and poor liver function as a result of chronic liver disease.

Alcohol --> aldehyde --> acetic acid --> Acetyl CoA --> fatty acid --> Cirrhosis
--> Alcohol dyhydrogenase

Front 45

What turns feces dark? Hint: it is found in the liver

Back 45

Bilirubin (a bile pigment) is turned into urobilinogen which turns it dark