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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the path that a cellulose molecule would take through your digestive system?
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(Cellulose can't be digested by the human body so it becomes part of the feces) mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
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What is the path that a glucose molecule would take through your digestive system?
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mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (glucose is absorbed by the small intestine, so it doesn't go any further down the alimentary canal)
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What is the alimentary canal?
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The pathway that ingested molecules travel from the mouth to the anus. The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal plus associated organs (salivary gland, liver gall bladder, pancreas)
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Define digestion and state where it occurs
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breakdown of food into smaller molecules (mouth, stomach, small intestine)
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Define absorption and state where it occurs
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bringing the food molecules into the body tissues by passing them through a layer of cells for the first time (small intestine for most nutrients, water in both small and large intestine)
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Define elimination and state where it occurs
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Removal of undigested material from the body (at anus)
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What is the primary function of the stomach?
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Digestion of proteins
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What is the primary function of the small intestine?
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Digestion of several types of molecules (more detail on other cards) and absorption of nutrients
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What is the primary function of the large intestine?
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Absorption of water
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Why is digestion of large food molecules essential?
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Food contains many polymers and macromolecules too large to be taken into cells. Digestion produces monomers that the consumer rearranges into its own macromolecules that better suit its needs.
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Why are enzymes needed for digestion?
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Steps that use enzymes to speed up the reactions at body temperature that break down large molecules into smaller molecules by breaking chemical bonds. The faster speed of digestion is necessary to supply necessary nutrients fast enough to keep organisms alive.
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Give the source, substrate, products for one amylase
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Salivary amylase from salivary glands, starch; maltose (note: amylases break down carbohydrates, other examples are ok)
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Give the source, substrate, and products for one protein enzyme
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Pepsin from the wall of stomach; polypeptides; smaller polypeptides (note: proteases break down proteins, other examples are ok)
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Give the source, substrate and products for lipase
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pancreatic lipase from the pancreas; triglycerides; glycerol and fatty acids
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How is the structure of the villus related to its role in absorption and transport of the products of digestion?
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1. villi – large surface area ((due to folding of the tissue) to increase efficiency of absorption; 2. villi create increased surface area for digestion by intestinal enzymes (e.g. disaccharides); 3. lacteal / lymph vessel present – transport of fat/lipid that are absorbed at the villus; 4. capillary present – transport of amino acids and monsaccarides that are absorbed at the villus; 5. Epithelial cells of villus covered in micorvilli — increaes absorption of nutrients 6. Goblet cells of villus — secrete mucus
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