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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Four Stages of Food processing |
Ingestion,digestion,absorption, and elimination |
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Ingestion |
Physically taking food in |
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Digestion |
Breaking down food molecules into smaller,more manageable pieces -occurs at the cellular level (phagocytosis) all the way to organism level |
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Absorption |
Uptake of smaller organic molecules into cells,and transference to bloodstream for further distribution |
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Elimination |
Disposal f unused food materials |
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Hydrolysis |
Reaction using enzymes |
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Gastrovascular cavity |
Single opening for food entry and waste exit |
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Digestive tract (alimentary canal) |
Tube with entry of food and one end and exit waste material at the other |
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Five functions of digestive system |
1. Mechanical processing and motility 2. Secretion 3. Digestion 4. Absorption 5. Elimination |
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Dentin |
An inner pulp,supplied with nerves and vessels,and the root |
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Saliva |
Mostly water, with enzynes and mucins,proteins that help bind food bits together into a ball |
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3 main salivary glands |
1. Parotid glands-sits in front of each other running towards lower jaw 2. Submandibular gland-lies in the lower jaw in the floor of the mouth near the back 3. Sublingual glands - undrneath the tongue |
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Salivary amylase |
Enzyne that breaks down starches |
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Palate |
Roof of the mouth,made from palatine bones of the skull;provides hard surface for the tongue to push against for mixing and breaking up. |
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Pharynx |
Opens to both the trachaea to the lungs and the esophaslgus to the stomach |
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Peristalsis |
Waves muscle contraction. |
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Gastroesophageal sphincter |
Controls entry of the bolus |
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Stomach |
Flexible,stratchy organ with a large sac like opening. |
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3 function of stomach |
1. Mixing and storing of ingested food 2. Secretions help break and dissolve food particles,mainly protein 3. A second sphincter leading from stomach into small intestine controls passage of food (pyloric sphintert) |
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Chyme |
Stomach muscles contract to mix the bolus around in the gastric fluid converting the bolus into these pasty substance. |
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Small intestine |
Main organ of absorption of nutrients into the body 20 ft long |
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Villi |
Finger like projections |
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Duodenum |
First section of the small intestine coming off the stomach 10 quartz of fluid that contains chyme,enzymes, and substance from the liver,panceeas and gallbladder enters from the pyloricnpshincter |
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Jejunum |
Middle section of small intestine; majority of digestion and absorption takes place |
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Ileum |
Final section of the small intestine; bit more of the nutrients are absorbed but it is primarily moving materials to the large intestines |
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Large interstine or colon |
Main role is production of solid waste |
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3 parts of large intestine |
1. Ascending colon- travelling up the right side of your abdomen to the pyloric sphincter 2. Transverse-at the top of the ascending colon,the colon 3. Descending colon |
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3 parts of descending colon |
Sigmoid colon- final section,short,s shaped Joins rectum and colon Rectum- smooth muscle tube stores frces until read for elimination Anus- opening to the outside of body |
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Vitamins and minerals |
__________-organic substance that can play essential role in metabolism __________- inorganic elements or compounds that we must acquire from our diet |
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Hunger |
Physiological drive to take in fuel |
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Appetite |
A desire to eat that is connected to a physical need for energy |
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Binge eating |
Stuffing oneself with an abnormal amount of food at lwast several times a week for for 6 months or more |
