Digestion And Absorption

Front 1

What is the process of digestion

Back 1

To break down the large, complex molecules of many nutrients into their simplest, most soluble form

Front 2

What are the two types of digestion

Back 2

Mechanical

Chemical

Front 3

What is mechanical digestion

Back 3

The physical mastication, mixing, and movement of food through the GI tract

Front 4

What is chemical digestion

Back 4

Splitting the chemical bonds of complex nutrients through enzymatically catalyzed hydrolysis

Front 5

What are the three major types of food that require digestion

Back 5

Fats

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Front 6

What is the anatomy of the digestive tract

Back 6

Mouth

Esophagus

Stomach

Small intestines

Large intestines

Front 7

What are the different parts of the small intestines

Back 7

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Front 8

What are the different parts to the large intestines

Back 8

Cecum

Colon

Rectum

Front 9

What are the functions of the mouth

Back 9

To bring food into the body

Initiate physical mastication

Mix food with saliva

Gustation

Front 10

What is gustation

Back 10

The act of tasting

Front 11

What is the function of saliva

Back 11

To lubricate

To facilitate chewing and swallowing

Solubilize the dietary components that stimulate the taste buds

Front 12

What are the 5 classification of taste buds

Back 12

Sweet

Sour

Salty

Bitter

Umami

Front 13

What is umami

Back 13

The taste bud responsible for meaty flavors

Front 14

The cells of the mucosal lining of the esophagus secrete mucus to

Back 14

Aid in lubricating food as it passes to the stomach

Front 15

How is the cardiac sphincter stimulated to open

Back 15

Peristaltic movements of the esophagus

Front 16

What are the functions of the stomach

Back 16

Storage of food stuff

Chemical and mechanical digestion

Controls the entry of chyme into the small intestines

Front 17

What part of the stomach can expand to allow storage of large meals

Back 17

Proximal

Front 18

The stomach initiates chemical digestion of

Back 18

Proteins

Possibly fat

Front 19

What do the glands in the stomach produce

Back 19

Mucus

HCl

Pepsinogen

Front 20

What hormone is released in response to the presence of food and the distention of the stomach

Back 20

Gastrin

Front 21

What is the function of gastrin

Back 21

To stimulate the secretion of mucous and HCl

Increasing gastric motility

Front 22

What is chyme

Back 22

A semi-fluid mass of food

Front 23

How is the pyloric sphincter stimulated to open to allow the passage of chyme

Back 23

Peristaltic contractions

Front 24

What controls the rate of gastric emptying

Back 24

Osmotic pressure

Particle size

Viscosity of the chyme

Degree of gastric acidity and volume

Front 25

Diets high in _______ may cause a decrease in stomach-emptying rate

Back 25

Fat

Front 26

What are the functions of the small intestine

Back 26

Chemical digestion

Absorption of nutrients

Front 27

Pancreas and glands in the duodenal mucosa produce enzymes that digest

Back 27

Fat

Carbohydrates

Protein

Front 28

What enzymes are produced in the duodenal mucosa

Back 28

Intestinal lipase

Amino peptidase

Dipeptidase

Nucleotidase

Nucleosidase

Enterokinase

Front 29

What enzymes are produced by the brush boarder

Back 29

Maltase

Lactase

Sucrase

Front 30

What does the pancreas produce

Back 30

Lipase

Amylase

Bicarbonate salts

Front 31

Lipase and amylase released by the pancreas help digest

Back 31

Fat

Starch

Front 32

What is the function of bicarbonate salts

Back 32

To neutralize the acidic chyme

Provide the proper pH for digestive enzyme function

Front 33

What produces bile

Back 33

Liver

Front 34

Where is bile stored

Back 34

Gallbladder

Front 35

What is the function of bile

Back 35

Emulsification of dietary fat

Activation of certain lipases

Front 36

What is micelles

Back 36

Formation of very small, water-soluble fat globules

Front 37

What is the function of the hormone secretin

Back 37

Stimulates the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas

Controls the rate of bile flow form the gallbladder

Front 38

What is the function of the hormone cholecystokinin

Back 38

Stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder

Stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes

Front 39

Bacteria in the small intestines produce

Back 39

Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA)

Front 40

What does absorption involve

Back 40

The transfer of digested nutrients from the intestinal lumen into the blood or lymphatic system for delivery to tissues through out the body

Front 41

Where does the greatest portion of absorption take place

Back 41

Small intestine

Front 42

What is a lacteal

Back 42

The vascular network of venous and arterial capillaries and lymph vessel in the villi

Front 43

What are enterocytes

Back 43

Highly specialized absorptive cells lining the luminal surface

Front 44

How are nutrients absorbed

Back 44

Passive diffusion

Facilitated diffusion

Active transport

Front 45

What type of nutrient absorption requires energy

Back 45

Active transport

Front 46

Most mineral absorption takes place as

Back 46

ionized particles

Front 47

How are water-soluble vitamins absorbed

Back 47

Passive diffusion

Front 48

How are fat-soluble vitamins absorbed

Back 48

Combining with bile salts

Passive diffusion

Front 49

What is chylous

Back 49

Lymph fluid

Front 50

What is chylothorax

Back 50

Lymph fluid build up in the chest

Front 51

What are the functions of the large intestines

Back 51

Bacterial digestion of fiber

Absorption of electrolytes and water