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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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motility
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moving contents down digestive tract
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nucleases
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break down DNA and RNA into nucleotides
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amylases
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break down complex polysaccharides into tri & disaccharides
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proteases
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break down large proteins into tripeptides, dipeptides and individual amino acids
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lipases
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break down fats and oils into two fatty acids plus monoglyceride
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fundus
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upper part of stomach
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body
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central part of stomach
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antrum
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lower part of stomach
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small intestine portions
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duodenum
jejunum ileum |
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large intestine portions
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ascending colon
transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon |
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lumen
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cavity of any tube
filled with chyme |
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mucosa
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made of three layers
inner most layer of epithelial cells - in contact w/ chyme |
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submucosa
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made of connective tissue
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muscularis externa
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two layers of smooth muscle, some neurons
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serosa
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outer layer of connective tissue
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structure of digestive tract wall
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lumen
mucosa submucosa muscularis externa serosa |
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gastrin
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hormone released by endocrine cells in epithelial layer of antrum region
causes release of acid into stomach and stronger stomach contractions |
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stomach distention
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food filling and stretching
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goblet cell
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secretes mucus in stomach
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parietal cell
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secretes HCl in stomach
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chief cell
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secretes pepsinogen in stomach
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bicarbonate
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secretion in pancreas
neutralize acid from stomach release stimulated by secretin |
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active enzymes
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secretion in pancreas
stimulated by CCK |
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enteropeptidase
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cleaves trypsinogen which converts it to trypsin
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bile salts
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solubilize fats
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bilirubin
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waste
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cholesterol
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waste
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trace metals
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waste
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four functions of digestive system
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secretion
digestion absorption (NOT REGULATED) motility |
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fat in duodenum causes release of...
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CCK
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structures inside villus of small intestine
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capillaries and lacteals
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secretin
(what causes it and what does it cause?) |
released due to acid in small intestine
cause pancrease to release bicarbonate and stomach to contract less |
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CCK
(what causes it and what does it cause?) |
released due to distnetino and fat in small intestine
cause pancreas to release digestive enzymes and protease precursors and stomach to contract less |
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GIP
(what causes it and what does it cause?) |
released due to gluclose (and fat) in small intestine
cause pancreas to release insulin and stomach to contract less |
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chylomicrons
(also, where do they go & why?) |
droplets of clusters of triglycerides
enter the lacteals, too big to go thru capillaries |
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segmentation
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contraction in small intestine
rhymic contractino and relaxation which causes mixing but NO NET MOVEMENT |
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basic electrical rhythm of the intestine
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9-12 contractions per minute
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migrating motiltiy complex
(also, when does it start?) |
starts when absorption finishes
peristaltic activity that travel short distance |
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mass movement
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motility in large intestine
peristaltic waves that push contents into rectum |
