Diet 314 Final Exam

Front 1

DOminate this final

Back 1

HECK YES!

Front 2

Definition of behavior change is

Back 2

it requires a focus on the broad range of activities and approaches that affect the individual choosing food and beverages in his or her community and home envirnment

Front 3

What is behavior modification?

Back 3

implies the use of techniques to alter a person's behavior or reactions to environmental ques through positive and negative reinforcement and extinction of maladaptive behaviors.

Front 4

Cultural competency

Back 4

requires respecting and understanding the beliefs of others, willingness to use cultural knowledge while interacting with clients, and consideration of culture during discussions and recommendations.

Front 5

What is the Health Belief Model?

Back 5

It focuses on a disease or condition, and factors that may influence behavior related to that disease. It's used with behaviors related to diabetes and osteoporosis, focuses on changing the behaviors.

Front 6

What is the Social Cognitive Theory?

Back 6

it represents the reciprocal interaction among personal, behavioral, and environmental factors. It's extensive, involves variables, includes self efficacy, goal setting, and relapse prevention.

Front 7

What is the Transtheoretical Model?

Back 7

used to alter addictive behaviors. Describes behavior change as a process in which individuals progress through a series of 6 distinct stages of change.

Front 8

What is the Theory of Planned Behaviors?

Back 8

is based on the concept that intentions predict behavior. Intentions are predicted by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control. It is successful when a discrete behavior is targeted.

Front 9

What is Motivational Interviewing?

Back 9

used to encourage clients to identify discrepancies between how they would like to behave and how they are behaving and them motivate them to change.

Front 10

What is Empathy?

Back 10

nutrition counselor acceptance of what a client feels in times of turmoil.

Front 11

What is reflective listening?

Back 11

it allows the client to describe thoughts and feelings while the nutritionist reflects back understanding.

Front 12

What is ambivalence?

Back 12

When the client wants to make a change, but on the other hand, they want to pretend the change isn't important. Ambivalence is normal.

Front 13

What is discrepancy?

Back 13

identifying the advantages and disadvantages of modifying a behavior.

Front 14

What is self-efficacy?

Back 14

belief in one's own capability to change. the client is responsible for choosing and carrying out personal change.

Front 15

What is alignment?

Back 15

the counselor tells the client that he or she understands these difficult times.

Front 16

What is Normalization?

Back 16

is when you are telling the client that he/she is perfectly within reason and that is very normal to have such reactions and feelings.

Front 17

What is double sided reflection?

Back 17

when the counselor uses ideas that client has expressed previously to show the discrepancy between the client's current words and the previous ones.

Front 18

What is reframing?

Back 18

when the counselor changes the client's interpretation of the basic data by offering a new perspective.

Front 19

What are the 5 tenets as the basis of cultural competencies?

Back 19

1. understanding the role of culture, 2. cultural competency is not a panacea for health disparities, 3. culture, race and ethnicity are different concepts, 4. culture is mutable and multiple, 5. context is critical.

Front 20

The three possibilities for readiness to change are:

Back 20

ready to change, not ready to change, unsure about change

Front 21

What is Summarizing?

Back 21

the nutrition counselor periodically summarizes the content of what the client had said by covering all the key points.

Front 22

What are the stages of change?

Back 22

Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse

Front 23

What is cognitive Behavior theory?

Back 23

used to help individuals develop skills to achieve healthier eating habits. Instead of helping to decide on what to change, it helps to identify how to change thinking, behavior, and communication.

Front 24

_____ are many ways that people are unique and different, while at the same time being similar

Back 24

diversity

Front 25

What are the challenges of diversity?(4)

Back 25

1. integrating culture into the workforce
2. developing strategies and training programs to improve communication
3. cultural assimilation
4. younger workforce

Front 26

The benefits of diversity are ___, ____, ____, and _____

Back 26

variety of ideas, policies and programs, viewpoints and experiences

Front 27

the folowing are ways to manage _______:
foster all talents, use it as an advantage not a barrier
defuse labeling
avoid clustering ethinic groups in various settings
make this a norm

Back 27

managaing diversity

Front 28

_____ are health concerns, unmet needs, barriers to meeting health and nutrition issues

Back 28

health disparities

Front 29

_______ was established by the US dept of health an human services ; as a framework to serve as a basis for developing community plans to improve the health of our nation ; what was it recently updated to?

Back 29

healthy people 2000, healthy people 2010

Front 30

What are the Goals of Healthy People 2010?

Back 30

1. Increase quality and years of healthy life( increase life expectancy and improve their quality of life)
2. Eliminate health disparities (eliminate health disparities among different segments of the popoluation)

Front 31

What are 5 of the leading health indicators?

Back 31

Phsyical activity , overweight and obesity , access to helath care, tobacco use, substance abuse

Front 32

The ________ will be used to measure the health of the Nation over the next 10 years. Each of the 10 ________ has one or more objectives from Healthy People 2010 associated with it. As a group, the _______ reflect the major health concerns in the United States at the beginning of the 21st century. The ________ were selected on the basis of their ability to motivate action, the availability of data to measure progress, and their importance as public health issues.The

Back 32

leading health indicators

Front 33

What target of the populatoin is .....

at actual healthy weight?
healthy weight for blacks/ africans?
mexicans?

Back 33

42%
34%
30%

Front 34

Poor calcium intake risk are females from 9-19 years old, blacks, african americans?

Back 34

females- 19%

Front 35

_____ are values, beliefs, attitues, and practices accepted by a community of individuals

Back 35

culture

Front 36

____ is the process of passing on culture from generation to generation in the home

Back 36

encultureation

Front 37

_____ is the process by which people from one culture modify their traditional behaviors attitudes, and view points as a result of contact with a new dominant culture

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acculturation

Front 38

What does culture influence?

Back 38

everything; identity, foods you eat, holidays , values, beliefs, spirituality, child rearing practices, and expected family roles

Front 39

What is it important for nutrition practitioners to study culture through the lifespan?

Back 39

To better understnad and comprehend; we cannot assume and to identify causes of multicultureal disease

Front 40

What are the 3 things principles of cultural understanding cover?

Back 40

1. Acknowledge cultures
2. respect various cultures
3. minimize negatives or consequences

Front 41

Influences:
TV, games, videos, computers
Parents
Siblings
Peers
Day care
Challenges
Diet pattern changes
Finicky eater

Back 41

preschool aged (2-5)

Front 42

Influences
Peers, class mates
Tv, media, internet
Computer games
Books, magazines
Challenges
Busy
Do not eat breakfast
Unpredictable schedules
Noon meal – bag, school lunch
Extracurricular activities

Back 42

school aged (6-12)

Front 43

Influences
External influences
Poor diet
Tv
Food choices
Peers
Work
Internet
Fashion
Social
Sports
Challenges
Healthy choices
Taste
Balance of freedom with responsibility
Personal preferences with authority

Back 43

adolescents (13-19)

Front 44

Influences
Family, spouse
Doctors
Tv
Social friends
“magic”
Illness, conditions
Income
Set in their ways
Challenges
Confused, what to believe?
REE decline
Senses decline
Illnesses
Loneliness
Social isolation
Disabilities
Medications

Back 44

older adult

Front 45

____ is something that caues a person to act or the process of stimulating a person to act

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motivation

Front 46

_____ is concerned with the questions of why human behvaior occurs

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motivation

Front 47

What are the 4 processes that motivation describes?

Back 47

1. arouse and instigate behavior
2. give direction and purpose to behavior
3. continue to allow behavior to persist
4. lead to choosing or preferring a particular behavior

Front 48

_____ arises from withint people. according to their needs, desires, drives or goals.
ex: desire for good health after a heart attack

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intrinsic - internal motivation

Front 49

_______ arises from others; may supplement intrinsic motivation positively or they may serve as barriers that have a negative impact on motivation

ex: support from others, praise,and material rewards

Back 49

extrinsic - external motivation

Front 50

______ attempts to predict people's decisions about health behavior change. The problem with this model is that eating behaviors are a matter of habit rather than decision making

Back 50

Health belief model

Front 51

________ points out that people are at one of several different stages of motivaltional readiness to change dietary practices

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transtheoretical model / stages of change model

Front 52

_______ looks at people's beliefs about their capabilities to be successful at changing a behavior such as food choices to reach the health outcomes desires

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Bandura's self-efficacy

Front 53

The most successful way to increase ______ is for the person to have small successes in reaching goals for change that can be followed by more small success

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self-efficacy

Front 54

People with ______ are more motivated to make lifestyle changes ; self monitoring has been found to be helpful (food records, counting fat grams, recording blood presure)

Back 54

specific goals

Front 55

____ correlated human motivation with individual desires; it consists of physiological needs, safety and security, belonging and social needs, esteem and status, self realization and fulfilment; self realization is the highestest human urge and the most self centered. only when most other needs ar emet can a person strive towards self realization

Back 55

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory
Need priority model

Front 56

____ created with the "two-factor theory of motivation" of the Motivation-Maintenance Model. Studied empolyees

Back 56

Frederick Herzberg

Front 57

What are the motivating factors of Herzberg;s Model? (4)

Back 57

achievement
growth
advancement
recognitiion

Front 58

Being personally involved in work with a sense of responsibility and control motivates a person ; t or f?

Back 58

true

Front 59

____ feeling person accomplishment for have done a job well

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achievement

Front 60

____ is experiencing the opportunity for challenge in the job and the chance to learn skills and knowledge

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growth

Front 61

_____ knowing that the experience and growth will lead to increased responsibility and control

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advancement

Front 62

_____ or being recognized for doing a job well; results in increased self esteem

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recognition

Front 63

______ what do you dislike about your job?

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maintenance factors

Front 64

____what do you like about your job?

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motivating factors

Front 65

What are the Maintentance factors of herbergs model?

Back 65

physcial conditions
security
economic factors
social factors

Front 66

When maintenance factors are poor ______ decreases

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productivity

Front 67

Inadequate maintenance factors,then __________. where as adequate maintenance factors only maintain the current level

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hindered production

Front 68

_____ merely satisfy workers ; they do not motivate them

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maintenance factors

Front 69

_________ lighting in the office or food in the caffiteria

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physical coniditions

Front 70

____ a feeling of certainty about the future and of cententment

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security

Front 71

_____ is salary and fringe benefits

Back 71

economic factors

Front 72

___ are relationships with fellow workers and the boss

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social factors

Front 73

_____ are similar to those at the top of Maslows model and his maintenance factors are toward the bottom of maslows model

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motivational factors

Front 74

____ focuses on achievement , power, and affiliation ; some people are driven by the needs to excel, to achieve in relations to a set of standards and to strive to succeed

Back 74

McClelland's hteory of needs

Front 75

in McClelland's theory of needs ____ is the most studied

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achievement

Front 76

_____ prefer job situations with personal responsibilty, feed back, and an intermediate degree of risk= these are strong motivators

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high achievers

Front 77

people with high acheivement needs are interested in how well they do personally and not influencing others to do well

Back 77

true

Front 78

_____ is based on the belief that people compare their inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond so as to eliminate and inequities

ex: friends, neighbors, co-workers, colleagues

Back 78

equity theory

Front 79

The 4 characteristics that counselors must possess for therapy relationships:

Back 79

acceptance
congruence
understanding
and the ability to communicate these to the patient

Front 80

5 general principles in Motivational Interviewing:

Back 80

1. express empathy (acceptance)
2. develop discrepancy (where the client is vs where they want to be)
3. avoid argumentation (increase awareness)
4. roll with resistance (seek solutions)
5. support self efficacy (belief to succeed)

Front 81

This type of counseling tends to be more appropriate when the counselor is aware of the problem and/or is concerned about the behavior of the client, but the client is unaware of the problem or is avoiding acknowledging it.

Back 81

Directive Counseling

Front 82

What is the chaos theory?

Back 82

Developed by Resnicow and Vaughan, said that health behavior change is a complex system,bgoal of education/counseling is to create motivational storms, the more chaos, the greater the chance or change.

Front 83

When setting a goal:

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they should be clearly stated, reasonable, attainable, enhance personal choice and control, motivational, facilitates change, to reach a final plan.

Front 84

Non-directive counseling is also known as:

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"client centered" counseling

Front 85

directive counseling is associated with:

Back 85

job-related issues of staff

Front 86

During reflective listening, what are some examples of things you do NOT do?

Back 86

respond, give advice, make suggestions, criticize, reassure, sympathize, probe, etc.

Front 87

____ is more common in the manager-employee relationship.

Back 87

directive counseling

Front 88

When you reflect feelings to search for the client's emotions behind statements you are taking part in _____?

Back 88

reflective listening

Front 89

Guidelines to directive counseling are:

Back 89

1. involving stage
2. exploring stage
3. resolving stage
4. concluding stage

Front 90

The involving stage of directive counseling:

Back 90

the aim is to improve the staff's performance

Front 91

What is the exploring stage of directive counseling?

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objective facts, behaviors that need to be changed, consequences, documentation

Front 92

What is the resolving stage of directive counseling?

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giving employees the chance to tell their side of the story, explain their feelings

Front 93

What is the concluding stage of directive counseling?

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agreeing on a solution, specific consequences if performance does not improve, manager and staff member must paraphrase each other to make sure that they understand each other and that they agree on the final solution.

Front 94

What are the goals of nutrition counseling?

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1. assessing the client's stage of change
2.matching the counseling intervention strategies tot he stage
3. using the goal setting process.

Front 95

The Model of the nutrition counseling process involves:

Back 95

1. assessment of the person's metabolic and lifestyle parameters (dietary, behavioral, physical, social, cognitive environments, stage of change)
2. goal setting based on assessment
3. intervention and treatment to achieve the goals
4. evaluation of outcomes and follow up

Front 96

What are the objectives of patient-centered counseling?

Back 96

1. increase awareness of diet-related risk
2. provide nutrition knowledge
3. increase confidence to make dietary changes
4. enhance skills to promote long term changes in intake
*assess, advise, assist, follow up*

Front 97

During Nutrition Intervention Goal Setting, this stage of counseling involves:

Back 97

listening
questioning
accepting
clarifying
helping clients find solutions to their problems and develop their own plan of action

Front 98

When counseling, the goal-setting should take into consideration the client's what?

Back 98

knowledge
feelings
attitudes
beliefs
values
these have strong and powerful influences on dietary behaviors

Front 99

What is the 4 step process to follow in goal setting with clients?

Back 99

1. goal identification
2. goal importance and acceptance
3. goal analysis and overcoming obstacles
4. goal implementation

Front 100

What is goal identification?

Back 100

it is positively stated as concrete behaviors, it is specific, measurable, reasonable, attainable, and timely.

Front 101

What is goal importance and acceptance?

Back 101

being able to assess the goal importance on a scale on 1-10, factors to consider are value, perceived attainability, and binding pledges.

Front 102

What is involved in goal analysis and overcoming obstacles?

Back 102

the obstacles to achieving goals are examined, problems are expected due to physical, cultural, social, cognitive environments, and lack of knowledge.

Front 103

What is involved during goal implementation?

Back 103

this involves specific steps the client plans to take to maintain their goals. Select a level of performance, compare results against the goals, give feedback on progress. Create sub-goals to create motivation, competencies, interest, and self-perceptions of efficacy.

Front 104

Based on the assessment and goal setting and during intervention, the counselor must take into consideration which things?

Back 104

what information to provide
how much information to give at one time
education/literacy level
types of handouts/media to use
best method to deliver information

Front 105

Nutritional Monitoring is the ____ step.

Back 105

follow up

Front 106

Nutrition Evaluation is the ______ step.

Back 106

comparison

Front 107

The purpose of nutrition monitoring and evaluation is to what?

Back 107

ascertain progress and modify recommendations as needed to promote progress to the client's goals.

Front 108

The measured result of the counseling process is the_____

Back 108

outcome

Front 109

The outcome of the counseling process is evaluated by:

Back 109

1.the success of the client in following goal setting and in implementing new eating behaviors
2.degree of success of the nutrition intervention including strengths and weaknesses
3.their own personal skills as counselors

Front 110

What is essential for the client until they are self-sufficient?

Back 110

frequent follow up for reassessment, further intervention, coaching and support

Front 111

A summary of ____ needs to be communicated to the medical team of the patient.

Back 111

MNT

Front 112

Information included in documentation is:

Back 112

total assessment
nutritional; care plan
measurable goals set
plans to achieve goals
nutrition intervention
evaluation
discharge instructions
follow up appointments
health outcomes
goals achieved

Front 113

A clinician who promotes adherence to a variety of prescribed medical and lifestyle intervention through the health behavior counseling process is a

Back 113

intervention specialist

Front 114

Types of interventions include

Back 114

drug, diet, stress management, smoking cessation, physical therapy treatments

Front 115

To achieve long term health behavior changes, it requires what?

Back 115

more time with the patient that the usual 1-2 counseling sessions.

Front 116

What are study coordinators?

Back 116

they participate in the day to day operations of a research study

Front 117

Dietitians practicing personalized, long term, client centered nutritional counseling such as specializing in behavioral change in clients with eating disorders are called?

Back 117

nutritional therapists

Front 118

What factors are needed for a comprehensive approach to counseling?

Back 118

lifestyle, environments, culture, psychological and social factors

Front 119

What can employees do when they perceive an inequity?

Back 119

change their inputs
change their outcomes
distort perceptions of self
Distort perceptions of others
choose a difference referent
leave the field

Front 120

________ is formulated by Victor Vroom, is based on the belief that the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual

Back 120

expectancy theory

Front 121

an employee is motivated to exert a high level of effort when he or she believes that effect will _________________________

Back 121

lead to a good performance appraisal

Front 122

A ______ leads to organization rewards such as a bonus, a salary increase or a promotion, and the rewards will satisfy the employee's personal goals

Back 122

good appraisal

Front 123

What 3 relationships does the Expectancy theory focus on?

Back 123

1. effort performance
2. performance reward
3. rewards personal goals

Front 124

defines success in terms of pwoer, prestige and money and senior management spots generally support this

Back 124

motivation through enhancement of self-esteem

Front 125

what affects peoples motivation?

Back 125

the number of highly qualified people growing at a faster rate than the number of senior management jobs

Front 126

A persons self perceived ability based on previous performance is postively related to later performance

Back 126

true

Front 127

Managers can enhance the esteem of employees by providing opportunities for their acheivement, hrowth recognition, responsibility, and control ; which increases their motivation to improve or to continue to dwell

Back 127

true

Front 128

Setting goals complements the theories of ___ and ____

Back 128

Maslow and Herzberg

Front 129

______ are an effective way to assist others to increase their esteem, growth, development, realization, and acheivement , to teach proactive in planning specific ways to accomplish more or to improve quality

Back 129

setting goals

Front 130

Supervisors must agree and play a role with subordinates in setting goals

Back 130

true

Front 131

Goals should be _____, _____, ____

Back 131

specific, clearly sated, measurable

Front 132

when _____ are fulfilled, they provide a criterion for feekback, accountability, and evalutaiton

Back 132

goals

Front 133

What are three identifiable elements in goal setting:

Back 133

1. an action verb
2. a measurable result
3. cost and or date by which the objective will be accomplished

Front 134

_________ is a major advantage of goal setting; it directions work activites towards orgnaizational goals and forces planning ; people who have specific and challenigng goals tend to perform better; the "best goals" are those that inspire quality performance. These goals are perceived as difficult and challenging but attainable

Back 134

perticipative managment

Front 135

_______ is knowing how to encourage desirable behavior and to discourage undesirable behavior, is related to motivation

Back 135

motivation through reinforcement

Front 136

____ to increase a performance or behavior with a positive event

Back 136

positive reinforcement

ex: praise for a job well done

Front 137

______ the removal of something negative after the performance

Back 137

negative reinformcement

ex: removing excessive inspection s

Front 138

What are two strategies that may discourage a given behavior?

Back 138

1. punishment
2. extinction

Front 139

______ reprimand used to eliminate undesirbale behavior (often has negative side effects)

Back 139

punishment

Front 140

if the punishment is perceived as unwarrented by employees, they may ______ ; become hostile or reusme the undesribale behavior as soon as punishement stops

Back 140

retaliate

Front 141

_____ the undesirbale bahvior is simple ignored;

Back 141

extinction

Front 142

_______ tend to dimish and ultimately become extingished as a reuslt of a consistent lack of reinforcement ;

Back 142

ignored behaviors

ex: ignoring an employee's suggestions

Front 143

Applications of behavior modification for cardiovascular diseases include:

Back 143

smoking, eating habits, and pursuit of stress prone behavior
all behavioral habits
change through motivational counseling

Front 144

Applications of behavior modification for human resource management

Back 144

positive reinforcement for promoting change
give employees anonymous ways to vent problems
employer addresses problems immediately in private
employer sets firm guidelines for behavior (tardiness, absence)
"compliment sandwich" (positive, negative, positive)

Front 145

____is another approach to counseling, it is the exploration of internal rather than external factors of an individuals behavior, defined as one's thoughts or perceptions at a particular moment in time

Back 145

cognitive change

Front 146

The cognitive Distortions are_____

Back 146

all or nothing thinking
over-generalization
mental filter
disqualifying the positive
jumping to conclusions
magnification and minimization
emotional reasoning
"should" statements
labeling and mislabeling
personalization

Front 147

________ is a variety of approaches involved with modifying the client's thinking and the assumptions and attitudes underlying the cognition.

Back 147

cognitive restructuring

Front 148

helping the client understand the nature of the problem, helping the client to explore and consolidate the cognitive problem until actual change takes place are ____ of cognitive restructuring

Back 148

phases

Front 149

acronym for STOP during cognitive restructuring is:

Back 149

S. specify the problem
T. think of options
O. opt for the best solutions
P. put the solution into place

Front 150

_____ is a person's belief or confidence in his/her ability to perform specific tasks, it is crucial in the initiation and maintenance of nutrition and health behavior change.

Back 150

self-efficacy

Front 151

____ appears to enhance a person's self efficacy and satisfaction with a performance.

Back 151

goal setting

Front 152

____ is a good predictor of how a client will behave on specific tasks

Back 152

self- efficacy

Front 153

The two step approach to measuring self efficacy includes:

Back 153

1. ask clients which dietary goals or changes they can undertake
2. for each designated task, ask clients to rate the strength of their expectancy for success.

Front 154

Sources of Efficacy information include:

Back 154

1. actual performance
2. modeling
3. verbal persuasion
4. physiological and emotional stress

Front 155

Holidays, stress, feelings of hunger, lack of support, parties, and restaurants are examples of ______

Back 155

high risk situations

Front 156

Self monitoring, self-management, overeaters anonymous, and weight waters are examples of________

Back 156

coping strategies

Front 157

The research process includes:

Back 157

1. define the problem
2. accumulate pertinent knowledge and information
3. develop the objectives
4. design the study
5. collect and analyze the data
6.interpret the data, prepare a report

Front 158

When defining a problem you should state the ______

Back 158

problem statement

Front 159

____ estimates the characteristics of a group and generalizes findings to the population

Back 159

survey

Front 160

_____explains status quo. Does not have independent or dependent variables

Back 160

descriptive research

Front 161

_____to explain or predict
Exploratory (objectives) to see if relationship exist (compare)
Explanatory (hypothesis) to determine nature of relationship

Back 161

correlational research

Front 162

_____does not meet all criteria of experimental research

Back 162

quasi experimental research

Front 163

_____to investigate the cause and effect. At least one variable has to be manipulated. Must have a comparison or control group

Back 163

experimental research

Front 164

____states that there is not a significant difference between the control and experimental groups

Back 164

null hypothesis

Front 165

____guides the study of research

Back 165

objectives

Front 166

_____ that is considered the presumed effect. The variable in which one is attempting to predict to or the consequence variable.
Ex. Scores on an exam

Back 166

dependent variable

Front 167

____that is an attribute, manipulated, and self-selected
Ex. 3 methods of education… lecture, discussion, on-hands

Back 167

independent variable

Front 168

____to what populations and/or settings can the findings be generalized

Back 168

external validity

Front 169

are the findings true? example of ____

Back 169

internal validity

Front 170

_____the treatment variable should begin with the selection of a treatment that is felt will cause variability in the variable

Back 170

maximize

Front 171

____the error, instruments must be carefully developed, and field testing to validate is needed

Back 171

minimize

Front 172

_____extraneous variables by holding the variables constant, random assignments

Back 172

control

Front 173

_____ is when all the individuals from a random sample are randomly assigned to a group

Back 173

random sampling

Front 174

___________is the most important consideration selecting a sample.

Back 174

representativeness

Front 175

__would demonstrate that the instrument measures what it is suppose to measure
“A measure of accuracy.”

Back 175

Validity

Front 176

___would indicate the degree of consistency of an instrument over time
“A measure of consistency.”

Back 176

Reliability

Front 177

____numbers are used to identify gourps, no order or rank is given (gender, color of eyes)

Back 177

nominal

Front 178

____there is a order (letter grades, baseball divisions)

Back 178

ordinal

Front 179

____reflects equal differences in the characteristics measured. No absolute zero or meaningful 0 (IQ test, GRE)

Back 179

interval

Front 180

_____same as interval, but 0 is real (ht, wt, age)

Back 180

ratio

Front 181

In educational research, one should strive to collect data at the highest level of measurement such as using

Back 181

median, mode, mean, standard deviations, etc.

Front 182

______is the analysis of variance, parametric stat with 3 or more groups

Back 182

ANOVA

Front 183

dependent variable at an interval level the independent variable has 2 categories equals to

Back 183

t test

Front 184

When analyzing objectives, you want to____ (list) the objectives.

Back 184

describe
compare
predict or explain
explain cause and effect

Front 185

_____reviews the literature and gives a brief outline of the study

Back 185

introduction

Front 186

____describes how the data was obtained through its research design

Back 186

methods

Front 187

____ is the outcome of the study and statistical analysis

Back 187

results

Front 188

_______describes the relationship between the hypothesis and the results including significance of the study

Back 188

discussion and conclusion

Front 189

What are different types of learning techniques and methods?

Back 189

lectures
discussion
simulation
demonstration
visual and audio - assisted instruction

Front 190

______ its the most familiar presentation tecnique ; passive method of informing and transferring , lowest level in cognitive domain; frmo teacher to learner ; best in large numbers of learners or when a great deal of information will be communicated within limited time

Back 190

lectures

Front 191

______ promotes active participation by learners ; used for one-on- one or groups ; helps participants to examine their own thinking, knowledge, and to-exchange ideas and verbal responses ; more time consuming than lecture; may be more interesting and motivating ; partipants should ahve a common interests (debates and panels)

Back 191

discussion

Front 192

_____ real life situations, scenarios, models of real life problems ; labs, "inbasket" experiences- reflects a "typical" days experience, critical incidents , role playing; involves learning rather than listening or watching; this enhances optimum transfer of learning

Back 192

simulation

Front 193

_______ shows how something is done or teaches how to explore processes, procedures, equipment operation, techniques, ideas or attitudes ; combines knowledge and skills with congnitive and psychomotor objectives; may need ample opportunity to practice the task or skill

Back 193

demonstration

Front 194

_______ " one picture is worth more than 1,000 words." provides variety and improves memory; can be self dircted and instructor directed computer programs ; can be used to hear language or dialogue ; includes podcasting, cell phones, computer intactive veido conferences

Back 194

visual and audio - assisted instruction

Front 195

_____ learning by observing others and imitating them

Back 195

modeling

Front 196

____ assistiance given to someone learning a new skill

Back 196

coaching

Front 197

_____ a written sequental list of the steps involved in performing any task from beginning to end ; major steps are numbered, each step describes what to do

Back 197

task analysis

Front 198

_____ convey one idea at a time, three man messages per presentation

Back 198

simplicity and unity

Front 199

________ be concise, use the fewest words possible, standardize the size and kind of lettering ; use professional types (times and gothic ) Size - 12 pt for handouts 14-18 for eldery ; dark colors on light background work better combine upper and lower case letters is preferable

Back 199

wording and lettering

Front 200

____ can enhacne visuals and demand attention; red / organge and hot and green,blue, violet are cool;

Back 200

color

Front 201

____ illustrations, cartoons, pictures

Back 201

images

Front 202

_____ formal and informal ; left to right , top to bottom

Back 202

balance and emphasis

Front 203

____ bulb projectors copy

Back 203

backups

Front 204

What are types of visual media?

Back 204

real objects
pictures, packages, and menus
food models and measurements
charts and posters
bulletins or display boards
chalkboard or white board
flip charts
over head tranparencies
print handouts
slides and ocmputer based presentaitons
audio recordings
video recordings of screen casts
mixed media

Front 205

what does SMOG stand for?

Back 205

simplified measure of G? a grading of readability

Front 206

What is JIT?

Back 206

Job intrsuction training; four step process of employee training on the job ; used for retraining or assignment of new jobs/ skills ; rapid training for new employees

Front 207

What are the 4 steps of JIT?

Back 207

1. preparation - tell
2. presentation - show
3. learner performance - do
4. follow-up - review

Front 208

______ may be arranged from :
genreal to specific
specific to general
simple to complex
according to interest
logic
frequency of use

Back 208

sequencing

Front 209

_________ is key to successful education ; accountability ,expected outcomes, improvement and refinement should be expected ; educational --- consists of a systempatic appraisal of the quality , effectiveness, and worth of an instruciton, program or goals

Back 209

evaluation of results

Front 210

_______ may be used for planning, improvement, and jsutification ; as a system of quality control ; identify strengths and weaknesses ; determines accountability ; it outcomes are being met, money being well spent ; if teaching is effective

Back 210

purpose of evaluation

Front 211

________ systematic appraisal that occurs before or during the implementation of a learning activity for the purpose of odifying or improving teaching, learning, program design, or educational mateirals ; may be performed at frequent internavals; formative research is essential for tailoring intervention strategies (focus groups)

Back 211

formative evaluation

Front 212

_______ considered final and is used at the end of a term, course or learning activity ; purpose is to appraise results quality outcomes or worth using quatative approaches (grades, certification , evaluation of process)

Back 212

summative evaluation

Front 213

______ the consistency and accuracy with which a test or device measures something in the same way in each situation or over time

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reliability

Front 214

____ indicates whether we are measure what is intent to measure

Back 214

validity