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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Health literacy
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the ability to understand basic health concepts and apply to one's own health
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*formal education
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purposefully planned for implementation in a school setting
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*What is an example of formal education?
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classroom
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*Nonformal education
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Takes place through organized teaching and learning events
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*What are some examples of nonformal education?
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hospitals, clinics, and community centers
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*Informal education
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encompasses a variety of educational experiences that occur though daily activites
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*What are some examples of informal education?
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watching tv, reading newspapers and magazines, browsing the internet, conversing with people
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Health
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the merging and balancing of five physical and psychologic dimensions of health: physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual
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Nutrition
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is the study of essential nutrients and the processes by which nutrients are used by the body
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What are nutrients?
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substances in foods required by the body for energy, growth, maintenance, and repair
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*What is Health Promotion?
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consists of strategies used to increase the level of health of individuals, families, groups, and communities
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What is knowledge?
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learning new info about benefits and risks of behaviors
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What are techniques?
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applying new knowledge
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What are community supports?
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availability of support
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What are the three parts of health promotion?
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knowledge, techniques, and community supports
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What are Healthy People 2010's intentions?
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their intent to have broad appeal and uselfulness for policymakers
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Who is responsible for Nutrition monitoring?
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National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
National Food Consumption Surveys (NFCS) |
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*What is disease prevention?
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is the recognition of a danger to health that could be reduced or alleviated through specific actions or changes in lifestyle behaviors
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*What is primary disease prevention?
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activities to avert development
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*What is secondary prevention?
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early detection such as a mammogram
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*What is tertiary prevention?
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occurs after disorder develops
ex. already diagnosed with high blood pressure, how do you fix it? |
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What are the six nutrient categories?
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carbohydrates
proteins lipids vitamins minerals water |
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What is an essential nutrient?
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nutrient is required for growth/maintenance, lacks ability to manufacture sufficient amounts
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*What essential nutrients provide energy?
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carbohydrates
proteins lipids |
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What essential nutrients are required to regulate body processes?
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proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water
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Each vitamin has specific _______-________ function
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regulation-related
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What essential nutrients aid to the growth and repair of body tissues?
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proteins
lipids minerals water |
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Do minerals and water provide energy?
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No
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What role to vitamins and minerals play?
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indirect role as a catalysts
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What are organic nutrients composed of?
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hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon
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Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids energy released from food is measured _________.
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kilocalories or calories
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Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and vitamins energy-yielding nutrients are ________.
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organic
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*What is the kcal value of a carb?
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4 kcal per gram
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*What is the kcal value of proteins?
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4 kcal per gram
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*What is the kcal value of fats/lipids?
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9 kcal per gram
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What is the kcal value of alcohol?
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7kcal per gram
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What are a major source of energy and dietary fiber?
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carbohydrates
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Where can simple carbohydrates be found?
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fruits, milk, and sweetners
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Where can complex carbohydrates be found?
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cereals, grains, fruits, and vegetables
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All except ______ ______ are broken down to units of glucose
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dietary fiber
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________ is the most efficient form of energy for the body
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glucose
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What is the main function of protein?
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provide energy and perform extensive functions in body
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What roles do proteins have in the body?
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structure of bones, muscles, enzymes, hormones, blood, immune system, and cell membranes
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What are proteins composed of?
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amino acids
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How many amino acids make up a protein?
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20
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How many essential amino acids are found in animal and plant sources?
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9
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What happens with the consumption of excess protein?
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physical systems become overworked and they are stored as fat or excreted as urine
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What provides the densest form of energy and other functions?
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lipids
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What other functions do lipids provide?
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component of all cell structures
producing hormones and protecting body organs |
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What do lipids do in foods?
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provide essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins and unique taste appeal
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How many categories of lipids are there?
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3
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What is a vitamin?
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compounds that indirectly assist other nutrients through processes of digestion, absorption, metabolism, and excretion
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How many vitamins are needed by the body?
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13
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How many classes of vitamins are there?
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2
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Where can vitamins be found?
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fruits and vegetables
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How many essential minerals are there?
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16
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What two categories are minerals divided into?
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trace and major
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Where can minerals be found?
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fruits, vegetables, dairy, meats, and legumes
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What do minerals do for the body?
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serve structural purposes in body and are found in body fluids
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What functions as a major part of every tissue in the body?
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water
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What are the major functions of water?
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1. fluid in which substances can break down and reform
2. As blood constituent, provides transportation for nutrients |
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We should consume equivalent of __________ water a day from foods and beverages.
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9-13 cups
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What are dietary standards?
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a guide to adequate nutrient intake levels against which to compare nutrient values of foods consumed
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What do dietary standards do?
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provide a bridge between knowledge of essential nutrients and food consumption
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What is a DRI?
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Dietary Reference Intake
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What are DRI's based on?
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1. Reviewing available scientific data on specific nutrient use
2. Assessing nutrient function to reduce risk of chronic and other diseases 3. Evaluating current data on nutrient consumption levels among U.S. and Canadian populations |
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What does EAR stand for?
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Estimated average requirement
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What is EAR?
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the amount of a nutrient needed to meet basic requirements of half the individuals in a specific group; the basis for setting the RDAs
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What does RDA stand for?
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Recommended Dietary Allowance
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What is RDA?
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the level of nutrient intake sufficient to meet the needs of almost all healthy individuals of a life stage and gender group
98% |
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What does AI stand for?
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Adequate intake
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What is Adequate Intake?
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is the approximate level of an average nutrient intake determined by observation of or experimentation with a particular group or population that appears to maintain good health; not quite enough research for RDA
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What does UL stand for?
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Tolerable Upper Inktake Level
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What is UL?
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is the level of nutrient intake that, to prevent adverse health risks, should not be exceeded
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What does AMDR stand for?
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Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
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What is AMDR?
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the daily percent energy intake values for fat, carbohydrate, and protein
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What is the AMDR of kcal intake from carbs?
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45%-65%
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What is the AMDR of kcal intake from fat?
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20%-35%
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What is the AMDR of kcal intake from protein?
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10%-35%
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What are the uses of Dietary Reference Intakes?
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1. planning for large groups(military)
2.creating dietary standards for govt food assistance programs 3.interpreting food consumption information on individuals and populations 4. meeting national nutritional goals like HP2010 5. developing new food products, such as imitation products |
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What are Daily values used for?
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labeling food and supplement products
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What is EER and what does it stand for?
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estimated energy requirement
the dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult of a defined age, weight, and level of physical activity consistent with good health |
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_____________ addresses the value of eating a variety of foods from every food group
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assortment
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___________ provides foods in quantities so essential nutrients consumed in proportion
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balance
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_____________ assigns value to a food based on a comparison of its nutrient content with the kcal that food contains
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nutrient density
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More nutrients & fewer calories=
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increased EER nutrient density
ex. salmon, fruits, vegetables |
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_________ _______ determines nutritional status – may reveal nutrient deficiencies or excesses
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nutritional assessment
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Primary definition of nutritional assessment
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inadequate intake of a nutrient
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Secondary definition of nutritional assessment
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caused by body's insufficient use of nutrient once it is absorbed
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What are some assessment techniques?
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1. The quality or range of nutrients consumed
2. the body's use of nutrients for growth and health maintenance |
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__________: the consumption of not enough energy or nutrients based on DRI values
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undernutrition
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__________: the consumption of too many nutrients and too much energy compared with DRI levels
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overnutrition
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___________: imbalanced nutrient and/or energy intake
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malnutrition
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Who is at risk in assessment of dietary intake?
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hospital patients, older adults, and chronic excessive alcohol users
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energy + nutrient needs =
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energy + nutrient intake
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What are some ways to gather food data?
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1. 24 hour recall-usual food intake
2. a food record 3. a food frequency checklist 4. diet history |
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Computer dietary analysis compares to _____.
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DRIs
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Assessment of Nutritional Status
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1. Dietary evaluation
2. Clinical examination 3. biochemical analysis 4. anthropometric measurements |
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What is dietary evaluation?
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food record, intake
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What is clinical examination?
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physical exam (eyes, skin, hair, mouth, etc.)
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What is biochemical analysis?
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analysis of body tissues, blood, urine
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What is anthropometric measurements?
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height, weight, lean body mass, fat levels, limb circumference, skin fold measurements
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What is nutrition therapy?
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the provision of nutrient, dietary, and nutrition education needs based on a comprehensive nutritional assessment to treat an illness, injury, or condition
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What is an RD?
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Registered Dietitian
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What is a registered dietitian?
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a professional trained in normal and clinical nutrition, food science, and food service management, who is credited by commission on dietetic registration of the American Dietetic Association.
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