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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nutrients
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substances in foods that provide structural materials or energy
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macronutrients
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nutrients that are required in large amounts
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Water
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adults need about 3 liters per day
too little leads to dehydration circulatory system waste products sweating |
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Carbohydrates
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Simple Sugars (glucose)
enter our system quickly Complex Carbs Starch Glycogen Fiber |
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Fiber
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indigestible complex carb
essential for large intestine function lowers cholesterol and reduces cancer risk |
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protein
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polymers of amino acid
we cant make them ourselves Essential Amino acids-we can't make ourselves Complete Proteins-contian all the essential amino acids |
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Fats
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Energy Storage
Saturated Fats Unsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fats Trans Fats Hydrogenate |
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Saturated Fats
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Fatty Acid carbons are bound to as much hydrogen as possible
solid at room temperature Most animal fats |
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Unsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fats
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not bound to as much hydrogen as possible
liquid at room temperature Most plant fats (oils) |
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Trans Fat
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Artificially produced fats
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Hydrogenate
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vegetable oils under pressure to make a solid fat
Shortening margarine linked to heart disease and diabetes |
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Micronutrients
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Nutrients we need in small qualities
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Vitamins
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Usually function as coenzymes
Vitamin D is the only one we can synthesize |
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Minerals
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Don't contain Carbon
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Processing
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remove much of food's nutrition
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Whole Foods
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Food not stripped of nutrition by processing
rich in complex carbs, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants |
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Calories
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Unit of energy
Cells consume calories from food to do work and maintain temperature Extra Calories can be stored as fat |
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Metabolic Rate
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Rate at which the body uses energy
Influenced By Body Weight Sex Exercise Genetic make up |
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Diffusion
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Movement of molecules from area of high concentration to low concentration
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Osmosis
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movement of water across membrane, from high to low concentration
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Active Transport
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Uses protein to move molecules from low concentration to high
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Large Molecules cannot get across membrane by diffusion
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Exocytosis-membrane bound vesicle fuses with the membrane and expels the large molecule
Endocytosis-a vesicles forms around a large molecule and brings it into the cell |
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Enzymes
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Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in a cell
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Metabolism
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All chemical reactions occuring in the body
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