Dialect

Front 1

The study of social and cultural influences on language structure

Back 1

Sociolinguistics

Front 2

A mutually intelligible form of a language associated with a particular region, social class, or ethnic group

Back 2

Dialect

Front 3

An idealized form of a language

Back 3

Standard English

Front 4

Language variations that are due to situational factors

Back 4

Register

Front 5

Decreasing the differences between dialects by promoting a more “general” dialect

Back 5

Dialect Leveling

Front 6

The extent to which particular individuals use the available features of their dialect

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Dialect Density

Front 7

When some groups use more dialect features than other groups

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Gradient Stratification

Front 8

When a specific feature is used more by one group than another

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Sharp Stratification

Front 9

7 Factors that Influence Language Behavior and Acquisition

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- Race and Ethnicity
- Social Class, Education, and Occupation
- Region
- Gender
- Situation or Context
- Peer Group Association/Identification
- First Language Community/Culture

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Biological label that is defined in terms of observable physical features and biological characteristics

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Race

Front 11

Commonalities (religion, nationality, region)

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Ethnicity

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Way of life developed by a group of individuals to meet psychosocial needs; values, norms, beliefs, attitudes, behaviors, region.

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Culture

Front 13

Refers to a linguistic code used by working-class African Americans within working-class speech communities

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African American English (AAE)

Front 14

Shifting from one dialect to another depending on the social situation

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Code Switching

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MAJOR PHONOLOGICAL FEATURES OF AAVE

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-Word final consonant cluster simplification--particularly when one consonant is an alveolar
-Stopping of word initial “th”
-Substitution of [f] and [v] for “th” between vowels
-Substitution of [f] for “th” in word-final position
-Deletion of /r/ and /l/
-Substitution of I/E before nasals
-Nasalization of preceding vowel and deletion of nasal consonant in word-final position

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Communication system used by groups of people who wish and need to communicate with each other but have no means to do so

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Pidgin

Front 17

When a pidgin becomes the mother tongue of a community (passed onto children)

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Creole

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Six Major Dialects of American Spanish

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Mexico and Southwest US
Central America
Caribbean
Highlands
Chilean
Southern Paraguayan, Uruguayan, & Argentinean

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Bilingual Approach (for treating bilingual children)

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Target errors present in both languages to facilitate generalization

Front 20

Cross-linguistic Approach (for treating bilingual children)

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Target errors specific to each language