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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ORGANISMS TO SMALL TO BE SEEN WITH AN UNAIDED EYE
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MICROBES
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THESE EVALUATIONS IN THE VETERINARY CLINICAL LABORATORY ARE PERFORMED WITH IMMUNOLOGIC METHODS
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VIROLOGY
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WHAT ARE BACTERIA, FUNGI, AND VIRUSES
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MICROBES
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STUDY OF THE ORGANISMS
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BACTERIOLOGY;
MYCOLOGY; VIROLOGY |
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ARE THE MICROBES FOUND ON AND IN THE BODY NON PATHOGENIC OR PATHOGENIC
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NON PATHOGENIC
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BACTERIA ARE SMALL _____________ CELLS THAT RANGE IN SIZE FROM 0.2 TO 2.0 UM
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PROKARYOTIC
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HOW BIG IS THE BACTERIA THAT WE MOST FREQUENTLY STUDY IN THE LABORATORY
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0.5 TO 1 UM IN WIDTH;
2 TO 5 UM IN LENGTH |
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MOST CELLULAR ORGANELLES ARE ABSENT EXCEPT FOR WHAT 3 THINGS
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CELL WALLS;
PLASMA MEMBRANES; RIBOSOMES |
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MAJORITY OF CLINICAL SIGNIFICANT BACTERIAL SPECIES REQUIRE A PH IN WHAT RANGE
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6.5 TO 7.5
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IF BACTERIA REQUIRES OXYGEN TO SURVIVE WHAT IS IT REFERRED TO
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OBLIGATE AEROBES
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BACTERIA THAT IS KILLED IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN OR WHOSE GROWTH IS INHIBITED IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN
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OBLIGATE ANAEROBES
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ORGANISMS THAT CAN SURVIVE IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN BUT THEIR GROWTH IS LIMITED
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FACULTATIVE ANAEROBES
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WHICH BACTERIA PREFER REDUCED OXYGEN TENSION
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MICROAEROPHILIC
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WHICH BACTERIA REQUIRE HIGH LEVELS OF CARBON DIOXIDE
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CAPNOPHILIC
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BACTERIA THAT HAVE STRICT NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS ARE REFERRED TO AS
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FASTIDIOUS MICROBES
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NEARLY ALL BACTERIA THAT ARE PATHOGENIC TO ANIMALS GROW BEST AT ____________ TO __________ DEGREES CELSIUS; THEY ARE REFERRED TO AS
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20;
40; MESOPHILES |
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BACTERIA WITH LOWER AND HIGHER TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS ARE REFERRED TO AS ___________________ AND _________________
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PSYCHROPHILES;
THERMOPHILES |
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WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFYING BACTERIA
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SIZE;
SHAPE; ARRANGEMENT; CHEMICAL REACTIVITY |
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WHAT ARE THE NAME OF THE GROUPS THAT BACTERIA IS ORGANIZED INTO
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COCCUS (PL. COCCI);
BACILLUS (PL. BACILLI); SPIRAL; PLEOMORPHIC |
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WHAT BACTERIA GROUP HAS SPHERICAL CELLS
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COCCUS (PL. COCCI)
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WHAT BACTERIA GROUP IS SHAPED LIKE RODS OR CYLINDERS
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BACILLUS (PL. BACILLI)
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WHAT BACTERIA GROUP USUALLY OCCUR SINGLY AND CAN BE SUB-DIVIDED INTO LOOSE SPIRALS
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SPIRAL
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BACTERIA SHAPES RANGE FROM COCCI TO RODS
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PLEOMORPHIC
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WHAT ARE THE 5 BACTERIAL CELL ARRANGEMENTS
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SINGLE;
PAIRS; CLUSTERS OR BUNCHES; CHAINS; PALISADES |
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WHAT ARE BACTERIA SPORES RESISTANT TO
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HEAT;
DESICCATION; CHEMICALS; RADIATION |
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SPORES VARY IN SIZE, SHAPE, AND LOCATION AND ARE CLASSIFIED AS
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CENTRAL;
SUBTERMINAL; TERMINAL |
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SPORES PRESENT IN THE CENTER OF THE CELL
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CENTRAL
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SPORES PRESENT NEAR THE END OF THE CELL
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SUBTERMINAL
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SPORES PRESENT AT THE END OR POLE OF THE CELL
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TERMINAL
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ORGANISMS THAT ARE SPORE FORMERS
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BACILLUS;
CLOSTRIDIUM |
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BACTERIAL CELLS REPRODUCE PRIMARILY BY WHAT
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BINARY FISSION
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IF BACTERIA COLONIZE ANY MEDIA LIKE LIVING TISSUE OR A CULTURE PLATE, WHAT ARE THE 4 DISTINCT PHASES THE BACTERIA GROWTH GOES THROUGH
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1- LAG PHASE
2- EXPONENTIAL GROWTH PHASE 3- STATIONARY PHASE 4- LOGARITHMIC DECLINE PHASE |
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TIME DURING WHICH THE BACTERIA ARE ADAPTING THEIR METABOLISM TO USE THE RESOURCES ON THEIR NEW MEDIA
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LAG PHASE
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THIS PHASE CONTINUES UNTIL ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS ARE DEPLETED, TOXIC WASTE PRODUCTS ACCUMULATE, AND/OR SPACE BECOMES LIMITING
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EXPONENTIAL GROWTH PHASE
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TIME DURING WHICH THE TOTAL NUMBERS OF CELLS SHOW NO NET INCREASE OR DECREASE
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STATIONARY PHASE
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IT IS THE DEATH PHASE;
SPORE FORMATION USUALLY OCCURS DURING THIS PHASE |
LOG DECLINE PHASE
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WHAT ARE THE 2 COMMONLY USED STAINS
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GRAM;
ACID-FAST (ZIEHL-NEELSEN) |
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WHICH STAINS ARE USED FOR YEASTS
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SIMPLE STAINS, SUCH AS CRYSTAL VIOLET OR
METHYLENE BLUE |
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THIS STAIN IS USED TO CONFIRM THE IDENTITY OF FUNGAL ORGANISMS
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LACTOPHENOL COTTON BULE STAIN
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HOW IS GRAM STAIN USED TO CATEGORIZE BACTERIA
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GRAM POSITIVE OR
GRAM NEGATIVE |
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WHAT DO GRAM STAIN KITS CONTAIN SOLUTIONS OF WHAT
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CRYSTAL VIOLET;
GRAM'S IODINE; DECOLORIZER; BASIC FUCHSIN OR SAFRANIN |
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WHAT IS THE GRAM STAINING PROCEDURE
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1- ROLL LIGHTLY ON TO SLIDE
2- HEAT FIX BY FLAME 3- CRYSTAL VIOLET SOLUTION IS POURED ON SLIDE 4- LET SIT FOR 30 SECONDS 5- RINSE SLIDE WITH H2O 6- IODINE POURED ONTO SLIDE, STAND FOR 30 SEC 7- RINSE SLIDE WITH H2O 8- WASH SMEAR WITH DECOLORIZER UNTIL NO PURPLE COLOR WASHES OFF 9- RINSE SLIDE WITH H2O 10-BASIC FUCHSIN OR SAFRANIN IS POURED ONTO SMEAR 11- LET STAND FOR 30 SEC 12- RINSE SLIDE WITH H2O 13- SMEAR IS AIR DRIED OR BLOTTED BETWEEN SHEETS OF PAPER TOWEL 14- EXAMINE SMEAR WITH MICROSCOPE USING 100X OIL-IMMERSION LENS |
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IF BACTERIA RETAIN THE CRYSTAL VIOLET-IODINE COMPLEX AND STAIN PURPLE ARE THEY GRAM POSITIVE OR GRAM NEGATIVE
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GRAM POSITIVE
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IF BACTERIA LOSE THE CRYSTAL VIOLET OR PURPLE COLOR AND STAIN RED BY SAFRANIN OR BASIC FUCHSIN, ARE THEY CONSIDERED GRAM POSITIVE OR GRAM NEGATIVE
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GRAM NEGATIVE
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IF AN ORGANISM STAINS BOTH GRAM POSITIVE AND GRAM NEGATIVE WHAT IS IT CALLED
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GRAM VARIABLE
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WHY DOES A GRAM VARIABLE OCCUR
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EXCESSIVE DECOLORIZATION;
OVERLY THICK SMEAR; EXCESSIVE HEAT FIXATION; OLD CULTURES; POOR QUALITY OF STAIN |
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IF YOU HAVE A GRAM-VARIABLE WHAT IS A QUICK WAY TO CHECK THE REACTION
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POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE (KOH) TEST
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WHAT IS THE PROCEDURE FOR THE POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE (KOH) TEST
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1- LOOPFUL OF 3% KOH
SOLUTION IS PLACED ON SLIDE 2- GENEROUS QUANTITY OF SURFACE GROWTH IS REMOVED FROM CULTURE & TRANSFERRED TO THE DROP OF KOH 3- SPECIMAN IS STIRRED INTO THE KOH DROP WITH A LOOP; LOOP IS LIFTED SLOWLY & GENTLY; AFTER 30 SEC OF STIRRING, GRAM NEG. ORGANISMS DEVELOP A MUCOID APPEARANCE & PRODUCE A STICKY STRAND WHEN THE DROP IS LIFTED WITH THE LOOP; IF THE ORGANISMS ARE GRAM POSITIVE, MIXTURE STAYS HOMOGENEOUS & DOES NOT FORM A STRAND ON LIFTING 4- REACTION IS RECORDED AS GRAM NEGATIVE (STICKY STRAND AND MUCOID MASS FORMED) OR GRAM POSITIVE (NO STICKY STRAND OR MUCOID MASS FORMED) |
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THE ACID-FAST STAIN IS PRIMARILY USED TO DETECT WHICH KIND OF SPECIES
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MYCOBACTERIUM;
NOCARDIA |
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WHICH STAIN IS USED TO DETECT SPIROCHETES AND RICKETTSIAE AND DEMONSTRATE THE CAPSULE OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS AND MORPHOLOGY OF DERMATOPHILUS CONGOLENSIS
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GIEMSA STAIN
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FLUORESCENT STAINS ARE USED PRIMARILY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF ______________ AND _______________________
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LEGIONELLA;
PSEUDOMONAS |
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WHAT ARE CAPSULE STAINS USED FOR
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DETECTION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
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ALL BACTERIA THAT CONTAIN CAPSULES ARE _________________
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PATHOGENIC
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WHAT DO BACTERIAL SPORES CONTAIN THAT ARE RESISTANT TO MOST NORMAL STAINING PROCEDURES
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PROTEIN COATS OF KERATIN
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THIS STAIN DETECTS THE PRESENCE, LOCATION, AND SHAPE OF SPORES AND CAN AID IN DIFFERENTIATION OF BACTERIA
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ENDOSPORE STAIN
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WHAT ARE THE SOLIDIFYING AGENTS USED IN PREPARING SOLID MEDIA
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AGAR;
GELATIN |
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WHAT ARE THE 6 TYPES OF CULTURE MEDIA
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TRANSPORT MEDIA;
GENERAL PURPOSE MEDIA; ENRICHED MEDIA; SELECTIVE MEDIA; DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA; ENRICHMENT MEDIA |
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THIS MEDIA IS SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS NUTRIENT MEDIA; IT ISN'T COMMONLY USED IN VETERINARY PRACTICE
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GENERAL PURPOSE MEDIA
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THIS MEDIA IS A BASIC NUTRIENT MEDIA WITH EXTRA NUTRIENTS ADDED, SUCH AS BLOOD, SERUM, OR EGG
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ENRICHED MEDIA
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WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF ENRICHED MEDIA
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BLOOD AGAR;
CHOCOLATE AGAR |
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THIS MEDIA CONTAINS ANTIBACTERIAL SUBSTANCES, SUCH AS BILE SALTS OR ANTIMICROBIALS, WHICH INHIBIT OR KILL ALL BUT A FEW TYPES OF BACTERIA
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SELECTIVE MEDIA
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THIS MEDIA ALLOWS BACTERIA TO BE DIFFERENTIATED INTO GROUPS BY BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS ON THE MEDIUM
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DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA
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SIMMONS CITRATE IS THIS TYPE OF MEDIA
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DIFFERENTIAL MEDIUM
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THIS MEDIA FACILITATES ISOLATION OF A PARTICULAR GENUS FROM A MIXED INOCULUM
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SELECTIVE MEDIA
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THIS LIQUID MEDIA FAVORS GROWTH OF A PARTICULAR GROUP OF ORGANISMS
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ENRICHMENT MEDIA
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THIS MEDIA CONTAINS NUTRIENTS THAT EITHER ENCOURAGE GROWTH OF THE DESIRED ORGANISMS OR CONTAIN INHIBITORY SUBSTANCES THAT SUPPRESS COMPETITORS
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ENRICHMENT MEDIA
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EXAMPLES OF THIS MEDIA ARE TETRATHIONATE BROTH AND SELENITE BROTH
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ENRICHMENT MEDIA
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THIS MEDIA IS DESIGNED TO KEEP MICROBES ALIVE WHILE NOT ENCOURAGING GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION
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TRANSPORT MEDIA
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IS ANY MATERIAL, SOLID OR LIQUID, THAT CAN SUPPORT THE GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS
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CULTURE MEDIUM
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IT IS A DRIED EXTRACT OF SEA ALGAE KNOWN AS AGARAPHYTES
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AGAR
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IT IS A PROTEIN OBTAINED FROM ANIMAL TISSUES
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GELATIN
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AGAR PLATES SHOULD BE KEPT REFRIGERATED BETWEEN _____ AND _____ CELSIUS
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5;
10 |
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WHAT IS THE MOST COMMONLY USED TYPE OF BLOOD AGAR
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TRYPTICASE SOY AGAR WITH SHEEP BLOOD
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WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF MEDIUMS BLOOD AGAR ACTS AS
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ENRICHMENT MEDIUM;
DIFFERENTIAL MEDIUM |
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WHAT ARE THE 4 DISTINCT TYPES OF HEMOLYSIS THAT CAN BE DETECTED ON A BLOOD AGAR
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ALPHA HEMOLYSIS;
BETA HEMOLYSIS; GAMMA HEMOLYSIS; DELTA HEMOLYSIS |
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PARTIAL HEMOLYSIS THAT CREATES A NARROW BAND OF GREENISH OR SLIMY DISCOLORATION AROUND THE BACTERIAL COLONY
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ALPHA HEMOLYSIS
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COMPLETE HEMOLYSIS THAT CREATES A CLEAR ZONE AROUND THE BACTERIAL COLONY
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BETA HEMOLYSIS
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HEMOLYSIS THAT PRODUCES NO CHANGE IN THE APPEARANCE OF THE MEDIUM AND NO HEMOLYSIS AROUND COLONIES
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GAMMA HEMOLYSIS
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ALSO CALLED DOUBLE-ZONE HEMOLYSIS, A ZONE OF HEMOLYSIS SURROUNDED BY A NARROW ZONE OF HEMOLYSIS AROUND A BACTERIAL COLONY
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DELTA HEMOLYSIS
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WHICH TYPE OF MEDIA IS MACCONKEY AND EOSIN-METHYLENE BLUE AGAR (EMB)
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SELECTIVE AND DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA
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THIS AGAR CONTAINS CRYSTAL VIOLET (WHICH SUPPRESSES GROWTH OF GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA), BILE SALTS THAT ARE LACTOSE-FERMENTING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE
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MACCONKEY
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GROWTH OR NO GROWTH ON THIS AGAR MAY BE USED AS A TEST FOR PRIMARY IDENTIFICATION OF GRAM-NEGATIVE GENERA
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MACCONKEY AGAR
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THIS MEDIA IS USED TO IDENTIFY LACTOSE-FERMENTING ORGANISMS
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EOSIN-METHYLENE BLUE AGAR (EMB)
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IS A LIQUID MEDIUM USED TO CULTURE ANAEROBIC BACTERIA TO DETERMINE THE OXYGEN TOLERANCE OF MICROBES
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THIOGLYCOLLATE
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