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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the OSHA bloodborne pathogens standard? |
Federal legislation enacted in 1992 - directs US employers to protect their employees from a potential workplace hazard - bloodborne pathogens
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What are bloodborne pathogens?
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Disease-causing microorganisms that may be found in human blood, body fluids and tissues.
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What does OSHA bloodborne pathogens standard mandate employers to do?
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Develop and implement "exposure control plan" that identifies all employees at risk, explains risk to employees, id's specific tasks that cause risk, outline protocols that eliminate or minimize risk, and outline procedures to follow if exposure occurs
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What are the 3 major bloodborn pathogens?
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Hep B (HBV), Hep C (HCV), HIV
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How can bloodborne pathogens be transmitted?
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Unprotected sex (oral, anal, vaginal), exposure to infected blood via transfusions, blood products, skin puncture with "sharps", splashing into mouth or eyes, from mother to fetus (~30% of time for HIV)
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What are other potentially infectious materials (OPIMs) besides blood?
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Variety of body fluids including semen, vaginal secretions, amniotic, spinal, synovial, pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, saliva if it contains blood, any body fluid contaminated with blood, body fluid of unknown origins, unfixed human tissues
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What are body fluids/materials that are not normally considered to be infectious unless they contain visible blood?
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Tears, mucous, sweat, vomit, feces, saliva, urine
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What is the Universal Precautions concept?
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Make the assumption that All human blood and certain body fluids are potentially infectious and treat them accordingly.
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How can you eliminate or minimize your risk of exposure on the job?
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Be aware of risk and appropriate safety measures, Know the employer's exposure control plan and the outlined procedures called "methods of compliance"
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What are methods of compliance?
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Follow universal precautions, use engineering controls (puncture proof sharps containers, biological waste receptacles, "safety needles", use pan and brush to clean up broken glass, use blood-spill cleanup kits, plexiglass shields for opening blood tubes
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What are 5 types of personal protective equipment (PPE)?
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Non-latex gloves, lab coats or gowns, face masks, face shields, shoe covers
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What are 4 compliance safe work practices?
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Wash hands after handling blood/fluids, no eating/drinking/smoking in area, keep hands away from face, decontaminate work area with disinfectant
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How should you handle containers with biohazardous materials?
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Post biohazard signs/lables on all boxes, bags, containers and refrigerators and freezers that contain bio materials. Bio waste is removed by outside contractor. Don't touch any biohazard-labled containers unless told to do so
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What is required of employers regarding the Hep B vaccine?
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Must offer to "at risk" employees free of charge. If declined, employee must sign a form stating they were informed but declined vaccine
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What should be done if an employee has an exposure at work?
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Provide post-exposure medical evaluation and any necessary follow-up. |
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What is required in regards to hazard communication?
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Hazard communication is through OSHA training sessions at time of hire and yearly thereafter. Additionally, the "exposure control plan" should be available for review of safety protocols
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What should you do if you are exposed in clinicals?
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Immediately wash affected area with warm water/soap, wash out eyes with saline or water. Immediately notify supervisor. As soon as possible, notify QU PA program. Fill out QU student exposure incident form and submit to prof lord asap.
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What does "airborne pathogen" refer to?
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Primarily Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is spread through air via small liquid droplets from mouth/nose of infected person with active TB. Can spread through out a room and beyond it.
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What determines risk of exposure to TB when around a person with active TB?
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You can become infected if you inhale air containing droplets, likelihood of infection depends on concentration of droplets in air, length of time exposed and health of person exposed. Likelihood drops a lot if wearing N95 mask.
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Is TB infection synonymous with active TB disease?
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No. It is only active if symptoms are present.
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What are symptoms of active TB?
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Persistent cough (>2 weeks), weight loss ("consumption"), weakness/fatigue, fever/night sweats, anorexia/loss of appetite, coughing up blood (hemoptysis)
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When would you be most at risk of TB transmission?
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From someone with undiagnosed or untreated active TB, having repeated and prolonged contact with these patients, not wearing PPE
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What is multiple drug resistant TB (MDR-TB)?
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Strain of TB that is resistant to abx normally used to treat disease. It is very difficult to get rid of so the patient may remain infectious for long time periods. Many health care workers have died as a result of MDR-TB
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According to the CDC, what health care settings are most at risk for contracting TB?
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Health care institutions, correctional institutions, homeless shelters, long-term nursing facilities, drug treatment centers |
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OSHA and CDC have identified what eight situations/activities that pose high risk for health care workers?
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Aerosol administration of meds, bronchoscopy/endotracheal intubation, sputum induction, suction procedures, autopsies, induction of coughing/sneezing, repeated prolonged indoor contact w/ high-risk populations, direct, indoor contact with people with active TB
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What are the 7 things in the worker protection program to minimize risk of worker exposure to TB?
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work training, early identification and isolation, source engineering controls (masks, isolation), worker engineering controls (N-95, gloves), worker screening (TB skin test), post-exposure eval/treatment, universal precautions always! |
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What 3 things should you do if you are exposed to a patient with TB?
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Immediately notify supervisor, you will be directed to have an eval of exposure incident, fill out a QU student exposure incident form and submit to prof lord asap.
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What 7 things should you do to prevent exposure?
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Attend/listen at OSHA safety sessions, obtain full series of Hep B vaccine, observe/listen/learn proper techniques, follow universal precaut, use engineering controls and PPE, wash hands a lot, keep hands away from face.
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What constitutes 75% of blood exposure incidents?
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Needlesticks during IV, venipuncture, suturing, etc. Most due to carelessness, not lack of knowledge
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