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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 hiatus in the diaphragm?
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• inferior vena cava
• esophagus • aorta |
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What are 3 abnormal bowel gas patterns that can be seen on an abdominal X-ray?
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• adynamic ileus
• mechanical small bowel obstruction • mechanical large bowel obstruction |
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What are some characteristics of an adynamic ileus?
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• caused by loss of peristalsis throughout the GI tract
• on Xray, you would see gas in the colon, small bowel (EVERYWHERE) |
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What does an abdominal abscess look like on chest x-ray?
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• an isolated and defined gas pattern
• gas comes from gas-forming bacteria that is present • gas does not conform to a bowel loop in appearance or location • persistant over time and with change of position |
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What percentage of abscesses have gas in them?
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15-30 %
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What is emphysematous pyelonephritis?
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• an abnormal gas oultine on the kidney
• air in the perirenal space is because bacteria has destroyed the kidney and produced air in the perirenal space |
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What is pneumobilia?
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• air in the common bile duct
• on x-ray, biliary tract is outlined by air • can be caused by a gallstone that allows air into the biliary tract after leaving through the sphincter of Oddi |
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What is portal vein gas and how does it look on an abdominal x-ray?
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• portal vein gas is due to air in the portal veins
• appears more in the periphery of the liver • caused by mucosal breakdown that allows air to enter the portal vein • on x-ray, peripheral lines are seen in the liver |
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What are some abnormal calcifactions seen on xray?
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• stones like renal calculi, cholelithiasis, bladder calculi, and appendiciolth
• vascular calcifications such as aneurysm, atherosclerosis, AAA • pancreatic or chronic pancreatitis can lead to stones in the pancreas • leiomyoma (uterine fibroid) • tumor calcification • other (full term fetus) |
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Why are gallstones seen in only 10-15% of xrays?
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• most gallstones do not have enough calcium to be seen
• gallstones are principally comprised of cholesterol and lecithin |
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What other abnormalities are visible on a flat film?
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• metabolic disease
• arthritis • trauma/fractures |
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Give 3 examples of fractures injury underlying soft tissue
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• a fracture of the left lower ribs may damage the spleen
• a fracture of the transverse process of a lumbar vertebra may damage the ureter • a fracture of the pelvis may tear the urethra and/or rupture the bladder |
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What contrast studies are used to evaluate the upper GI and what do they assess?
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• generally both single contrast and air contrast is used
• performed using fluoroscopy to assess motility, contour, obstruction, and abnormalities of the lumen |
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Where are 2 places where you'll have an apple core lesion?
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Colon and esophagus
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What is enteroclysis?
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• a fluoroscopic xray of the small intestine
• barium injected through a small tube into the duodenum and images are taken in real time as the contrast moves through |
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What is the most common location for Crohn's disease?
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ileal-ceccal junction
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What is ERCP?
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Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreaticogram
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What is a HIDA scan?
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• hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan (aka cholescintigraphy)
• tests for cholecystitis if unable to diagnose with ultrasound • used to diagnose obstruction of the bile duct, disease of the gallbladder, and bile leaks |
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What is the most common cause of dysphagia?
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hiatal hernia with GERD
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What is odynophagia?
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pain with swallowing
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What is the diagnostic test of choice after a blunt trauma to the abdomen?
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CT scan
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