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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What meds are Biguanides |
Metformin (Glucophage, Fortamet, Glumetza) |
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Mechanism of Metformin |
Decreases hepatic glucose production (decreases release from liver) and intestinal glucose absorption, increases insulin sensitivity |
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Which diabetes med is least likely to cause hypoglycemia |
Metformin |
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Which drugs are sulfonylureas? |
Glyburide, Glipizide, Glimepiride |
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Mechanism of Sulfonylureas? |
Stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin. Both right after meals and then for several hours |
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Which medication is most likely to cause hypoglycemia? |
Sulfonylureas (Glyburide is the worst) |
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Which diabetes meds are meglitinides? |
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix) |
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What is the mechanism of meglitinides? |
Stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin (only right after meals) Take with meals (less likely to cause hypoglycemia then sulfonylureas) |
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What diabetes meds are Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)? |
Pioglitazone (Actos) this is the only one |
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What is the mechanism of Pioglitazone (Actos)? |
Increases insulin sensitivity (specifically in muscle cells) and keeps the liver from overproducing glucose May improve blood fat levels |
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Side effects of Pioglitazone? |
Swelling/Fluid retention, Increases risk of CHF in those at risk for it. Does not cause hypoglycemia when used alone |
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What are the diabetes meds which are DPP-4 inhibitors? |
Sitagliptin (Januvia), Saxagliptin (Onglyza), Linagliptin (Tradjenta) |
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What is the mechanism of the DPP-4 inhibitors? |
Slows incretin metabolism, increases insulin synthesis/release, decreases glucagon levels |
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Do DPP-4 inhibitors cause hypoglycemia? |
nope |
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Unique side effect of DPP-4 inhibitors? |
Sore throat, stuffy nose and URI sx. |
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Which diabetes drugs are Alpha-glucosidaseInhibitors? |
Acarbose (Precose), Miglitol (Glyset) |
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What is the mechanism of action of Acarbose? |
Slows absorption of glucose into your blood stream after eating (take with meals) No hypoglycemia |
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Which diabetes drugs are bile acid sequestrants? |
Colesevelam (Welchol) |
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What is the mechanism of Welchol? |
Binds intestinal bile acids (helps only in combo with other drugs to lower blood sugar) Main reason the drug was made was to lower LDL when used alone or combined with a statin. |
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Which drug classes are most likely to cause hypoglycemia? |
1. Sulfonylureas 2. (To a lesser extent) Meglitinides (RepaginidePrandin and Nateglinide-Starlix) |
