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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metabolic syndrome/syndrome X
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t2dm
+ dyslipidemia + cardiovascular disease + hypertension |
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Type 1 diabetes
(insulin dependent) |
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic b cells
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In UK ____ of population have diabetes
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3.7%
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Diabetes is the major cause of ....
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Kidney Failure
Cardiovascular Disease Non-traumatic Amputation Blindness |
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Type 2 diabetes
(non-insulin dependent) |
>90% of cases
10% of US have it 4th cause of death in the world |
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oral hypoglycaemics
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enhance b cell function
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lipolysis
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breakdown of lipids to produce free fatty acids
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insulin resistance
-> _____________ -> _____________ = DIABETES |
hyperinsulinemia (b cell compensation)
hyperglycaemia (b cell degeneration - cannot cope with glc demand) |
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For glucose homeostasis....
glc levels are senses by ______, ___ and b cells glc is disposed via _____, ______ and liver |
brain
gut muscle adipose |
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parasympathetic nerves ->
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improved b cell function
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sympathetic nerves ->
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decreased b cell function (i.e insulin)
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incretins from gut
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improve b cell function
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metabolic actions of insulin
1) Glc uptake 2) _______ _______ 3) Promote Glycolysis 4) ___ & ___ _______ |
glycogen synthesis
- activates glycogen synthase -inhibits glycogen phosphorylase 3) - activates glucokinase, PFK, PK, PDH 3) FA & TG synthesis -activate ATP-citrate lyase -activates Ac-CoA carboxylase -inhibits HSL |
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b cell releases insulin in response to ______ ______ ____
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increased glucose levels
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high [glc]
-> high [Acetyl-coA] -> high [Malonyl-coA] -> __________ |
inhibits FA oxidation
promotes glc oxidation |
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AMPK inhibits
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acetyl-coA carboxylase
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malonyl-coA inhibits
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transport of FA into mitochondia (for oxidation)
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randle cycle
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"glucose-fatty acid cycle" to describe fuel flux between and fuel selection by tissues
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glucose disposal in muscle
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GLYCOLYSIS-> crebs cycle -> ATP
glycogen synthesis |
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glucose disposal in adipose
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glycolysis---> FA & TG synthesis
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glucose disposal in liver
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GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS
FA & TG synthesis |
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insulin in liver
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inhibits GLUCONEOGENESIS
increases glucose uptake increases glycogen and FA synthesis |
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insulin in adipose
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enhances differentiation
inhibits lipolysis (via HSL) increases lipogenesis increase glc uptake |
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insulin in skeletal muscle
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increase glc uptake
promote glycolysis promote glycogen synthesis |
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KO of IR component in b cells ->
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T2DM
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Insulin resistance ->
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decreased glucose uptake and disposal
- inhibition of GLUT 4 and glucokinase Gluconeogenesis - via activation of PEPCK Hyperlipidemia - increase circulating FFA, VLDL via inhibition of adipocyte differentiation/ activation of HSL HYPERGLYCAEMIA via b cell dysfunction!!! |
