Deviant Behavior Final

Front 1

Harold Garfinkel studied Agnes, who was a person seeking a sex change operation, and discovered that she considered herself

Back 1

a normal woman with a physical defect (a penis).

Front 2

To analyze how their subjects feel and think about deviance, phenomenologists use the method of

Back 2

ethnography

Front 3

According to the power theory, the types of deviance and the types of persons who commit deviant acts are strongly influenced by

Back 3

social inequality.

Front 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the constructionist theories of deviance?

Back 4

control theory

Front 5

The essential idea of conflict theory is that conflict as well as its resulting criminality is

Back 5

an inherent, normal, and integral part of complex modern societies.

Front 6

Which of the following statements reflects the symbolic interactionistàs view of human beings?

Back 6

Humans face, deal with, and act toward the objects they encounter.

Front 7

What Marxists call a marginal surplus population refers to

Back 7

those who are relatively superfluous or useless to the economy.

Front 8

According to phenomenologists, what deviance means is

Back 8

fundamentally problematic.

Front 9

Chambliss called the observing of how legal authorities actually discharge their duties the study of

Back 9

the law in action.

Front 10

Which of the following are ways feminist theory shifts the focus of theories of deviance?

Back 10

a focus on women as offenders and victims related to their subordinate roles

Front 11

This theoretical perspective attributes deviance to the unequal distribution of resources brought about by the exploitative capitalist system.

Back 11

Marxist theory

Front 12

According to Richard Quinney, there are different ways for the dominant class to define the social reality of crime. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Back 12

It engages in behavior that is defined as criminal.

Front 13

According to this theoretical perspective, power, or the lack of it, determines the type of deviance one is likely to commit.

Back 13

power theory

Front 14

Labeling theory interprets deviance as a(n)

Back 14

process of symbolic interactionism.

Front 15

The incompatible interests, needs, and desires of diverse groups of people in society can lead to

Back 15

social conflict.

Front 16

According to Erikson and others, labeling other persons as deviant has

Back 16

positive consequences for the community or individuals who apply the label.

Front 17

Which of the following theories examines the subjectivity of people, including their attitudes, feelings, and opinions about deviance?

Back 17

phenomenological theory

Front 18

Feminist theorists argue that most theories of deviance

Back 18

are only about men.

Front 19

According to labeling theory, the focus of sociological research should be on

Back 19

the interaction between the supposed deviant and conventional people.

Front 20

Which of the following groups is most likely to be involved in imposing labels?

Back 20

the powerful

Front 21

When the language of the strong dominates the language of the weak, the weak experience

Back 21

linguistic domination.

Front 22

At the heart of the conflict between phenomenologists and positivists is

Back 22

different philosophical views of humanity.

Front 23

According to Jack Douglas, there are two types of meanings: abstract meanings and __________ meanings.

Back 23

situated

Front 24

Chambliss stated that the tendency of the police, prosecutors, and judges to become tools of power and privilege is caused by the __________, or the need of organizations to compel their members to maximum rewards.

Back 24

organizational imperative

Front 25

The conflict approach contributes to our understanding of deviant behavior by showing how

Back 25

social inequality influences the making and enforcing of norms and laws.

Front 26

One negative criticism of labeling theory is that it

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does not actually explain the causes of deviance.

Front 27

One reason why labeling theory has enjoyed tremendous popularity among sociologists is because this theory

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has considerable data to support some of its basic ideas.

Front 28

According to labeling theory, the final step leading to secondary deviation involves

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acceptance of and adjustment to deviant social status by the deviant.

Front 29

According to labeling theory, being labeled deviant produces

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negative consequences.

Front 30

What do phenomenologists mean by the term deviant reality?

Back 30

the subjective meaning that deviants impute to their own deviant experience

Front 31

All of the following are the results of capitalismàs creation of economic marginality and coercive control of the workers, EXCEPT for

Back 31

a greater reliance on the family.

Front 32

Quinney and other conflict theorists see something terribly wrong with existing society and have called for

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political action.

Front 33

Chambliss's analysis of the English legal system showed that the vagrancy laws

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served the interests of the influential members of society.

Front 34

According to Lemert, what is the first act in the sequence of interaction leading to secondary deviation?

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primary deviation

Front 35

The sociologist Jack Katz studied a variety of murderers and armed robbers and discovered that they

Back 35

felt morally superior to their victims.

Front 36

Ethnography is defined as the style of research that seeks to understand

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the meanings the people under investigation ascribe to their experiences.

Front 37

According to the Marxist explanation of deviance, the cause of deviance can be traced to

Back 37

the exploitative nature of capitalism.

Front 38

Which of the following is NOT a statement about the nature of postmodernist theory?

Back 38

It is relatively disinterested in the most modern forms of deviant behavior.

Front 39

All of the following are reasons the powerful are more prone to deviance EXCEPT for

Back 39

greater deviant tendencies.

Front 40

All of the following are criticisms of phenomenological theory EXCEPT that phenomenologists

Back 40

incorrectly assume that powerless deviants are powerless people who have little free will