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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organization of Deviants Loners |
- Mostly solitary, interacting with people but keeping their deviant attitudes, behaviors, or conditions secret - Engage in deviant behavior alone - Example: alcoholism, murderers, serial rapists, eating disorder |
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Organization of Deviants Colleagues |
- Face-to-face relationships with other deviants like themselves but do not need the cooperation of fellow deviants to perform deviant acts - Engage in deviant behavior alone but have mutual association with other deviants - Example: homeless, recreational drug users, con artists, selling stolen goods |
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Organization of Deviants Peers |
- Engage in deviance with others like themselves, but have no more than a minimal division of labor - Mutual association - Mutual participation - Example: neighborhood gangs, smoking pot |
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Organization of Deviants Crews |
- Groups of anywhere from three to a dozen individuals band together to engage in more sophisticated deviant capers than less organized deviants can accomplish - Mutual association - Mutual participation - Division of labor - Example: Committers of intricate forms of theft, but also smuggling and hustling at cards and dice, shoplifting while someone distracts, etc. |
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Organization of Deviants Formal Organization |
- Mutual association - Mutual participation - Division of labor - Persist across time/space - Example: Colombian drug cartels, |
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Organization of Deviant Acts Individuals |
- Without recourse to the assistance or presence of other people - Engaging in deviance alone (deviance can be committed by one person, to that person, on that person, for that person - Example: Littering, speeding, drug use, suicide, obesity, self-harm |
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Organization of Deviant Acts Cooperation |
- Two or more people voluntarily engaging in deviance - Example: Abortion, transfer of illicit goods (pornography, arms, drugs), provision of deviant services (sexual/medical), prostitution |
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Organization of Deviant Acts Conflict |
- One or more perpetrators force the interaction on the unwilling other(s), or an act seemingly entered into through cooperation turns out with one party setting up the other - Someone is not volunteering, one person is a victim - Example: Murder, shoplifting, kidnapping, blackmail, theft, fraud, arson, bank robbing, embezzlement The Cook: Knows Everything, he creates the drugs Gas man/Juicer: Dangerous, makes the meth Shopper: Shops for pills, buys everything the cook wants Dope Ho: Mostly women, women trading sex for meth Simple Users: The name says it all |
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Subcultures Authenticity |
Metal-heads construct the rest of the world and other musicians as fake and metal as more “real” |
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Subcultures Prestige |
- Prestige symbols- convey socially desirable traits like being honorable, wealthy, or honest and draw attention away from a stigmatized attribute - Example: women with unusually large feet might wear expensive, glamorous jewelry to focus attention away from her feet |
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Subcultures Resistance |
- Resisting against mainstream norms - Ex- skinheads and resisting against opposition |
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Subcultures Commodification |
- Making subcultures into a product - Turning something into a product/profit; making a profit off of a subculture - Ex- Hot Topic, selling “goth” clothing and jewelry |
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Deviance Corridor |
- Have to be committed to enter the corridor - The farther you are down the corridor, the harder it is to get out - Some doors may be more open, some doors may be closed - Going further down the corridor, investing in deviance more, may open up doors |
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Pushes and Pulls |
Push Factors - Pushed out by factors intrinsic to the deviant experience and lifestyle More arrests, longer jail sentences The longer people stay in deviance, the greater the likelihood is that there will be a change in the nature of experience Pull Factors - Located outside of deviance, entice people to leave world behind and return to conventionality Push: Lack of opportunity Pull: Thrill Pushes and pulls- Push factors are issues with the deviant group (time, drugs, police) that push an individual away from the deviant life. Pull factors are things that pull someone back into the conventional world (friends, family, gf) |
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Decision vs drift |
Nudists Drifting of individuals Appeal: Freedom of expectation (constraints of clothes, expectations of society - conventional norms, etc.) |
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Risk Factors |
Why individuals drift/move further in the corridor Risk Factors: Stripping Early maturing Early sexual experience Absent fathers Early independence Parental drug use Low education Exhibitionist job (waitress) Childhood abuse Entertainment Ugly duckling Athletics |
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Deviant Identity |
Caught and publicly ID’d Retrospective reinterpretation (people talking behind back - change opinion, remember other incidents, re-evaluate) Spoiled identity (label) Exclusion Inclusion Treated differently Internalize label |
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Techniques of Neutralization |
1. Denial of Responsibility
2. Denial of Injury 3. Denial of the Victim 4. Condemn the Condemner 5. Appeal to Higher Loyalties 6. Defense of Necessity 7. Metaphor of the Ledger 8. Denial of Necessity of the Law 9. Everyone Else is Doing It 10. Claim of Entitlement 11. Justification by Comparison 12. Postponement |
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Denial of Responsibility |
"It's not my fault" Frees subject from experiencing culpability for deviance Allows him or her to perceive themselves as victims of their environment |
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Denial of Injury |
"It didn't hurt anyone" Allows offender to perceive his or her behavior as having no direct harmful consequences on the victim |
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Denial of the Victim |
"They had it coming" Facilitates deviance when it can be justified as retaliation upon a deserving victim |
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Condemn the Condemner |
"Corruption in the system" Projects blame on law-makers and law enforcers Shifts focus from offender to those who disapprove of his or her acts |
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Appeal to Higher Loyalties |
"I didn't do it for myself" "I did it for someone else" Legitimize behavior when a non-conventional social bond creates more immediate and pressing demands than one consistent with conventional society Financial lacking/can’t afford |
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Defense of Necessity |
"I had no other choice" Reduction of guilt through the argument that the offender had no choice under the circumstances but to engage in criminal act Helping family |
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Metaphor of the Ledger |
The good outweighs the bad |
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Denial of Necessity of the Law |
The Law is Wrong Weed isn't illegal in some states, so it's not bad |
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Everyone Else is Doing It |
Attempts to reduce his or her guilt feelings or to justify his or her behavior by arguing that the behavior in question is common “Diffusion of guilt” because of widespread similar acts |
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Claim of Entitlement |
I deserve it/ I deserve something |
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Justification by Comparison |
“If I wasn’t doing this, I would be doing something more serious” Justifying actions by comparing crimes to more serious offenses “I may be bad, but I could be worse” |
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Postponement |
"I just don't think about it" or "I'll deal with it later" Suppression of guilt feelings to be dealt with at another time |
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Accounts Excuses |
admit act as bad, deny full responsibility & distance self from blame |
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Accounts Justifications |
accept responsibility, deny act as wrong & seek to have specific instances excused o Perceivedsafety o Notcommitting a criminal act o Leisure |
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Accounts Disclaimers |
Avoid blame for what you’re about to say in advance to minimize Hedging: prefacing remarks to indicate a measure of uncertainty about what they are going to do (“I’m not sure this is going to work but…) |
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Goffman Physical Disfigurement |
Wheelchair Missing an ear |
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Goffman Individual/Character Flaws |
Blue hair, piercings, drug addiction |
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Goffman Membership in a Tainted Group |
Greek organizationsGenderRace, religion, ethnicity are other examples |
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Goffman Courtesy Stigma |
Earn a label by association |
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Goffman Discredited vs discreditable |
Discredited: Out there, can’t be hidden, chosen to share Members who have revealed deviance or cannot hide deviance Obese, racial minorities, physically disabled Discreditable: you could be discredited if people knew Easily concealable deviant traits Substance abuse, ex-convicts, secret homosexuals |
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Goffman Symbolic imagery |
verbal and nonverbal cues we use to establish our normalcy |
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Goffman Prestige symbol |
Perceived/associated with desirable traits (i.e., jewelry) |
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Goffman Stigma Symbol |
Undesirable/symbols that represent the symbols Objects or behaviors that would tip people off to deviant condition - Anorexic avoiding family meals - Mental patients surreptitiously taking medications |
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Goffman Disidentifier |
Distracting or hiding something that could be stigmatizing - Props, actions, or verbal expressions to distract and fool people into thinking there is no deviant stigma Ex. Homosexuals bragging about heterosexual conquests, taking a date to a company picnic, members of ethnic minorities who laugh at ethnic slurs about their groups |
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Goffman Stigma Management |
Normalization Neutralization Passing Covering Insulating Distancing Embracing |
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Normalization |
Avoid stigmatized label by saying it is NOT deviant, and providing an excuse |
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Neutralization |
Admits to deviance, provides justification/rationalization |
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Passing |
Hiding my presenting as something else Concealing deviance and fitting in with regular people |
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Covering |
Hiding something Unlike passing, the point of covering is not to deny one’s stigma but rather to make it less obtrusive and thereby reduce social tension |
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Insulating |
Avoiding people who would stigmatize you Only hanging out with those who share the same stigma |
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Distancing |
If you have a trait that is stigmatized then you don't hangout with either those who don't approve of it |
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Embracing |
Accepting/fully believing your stigmatized status "Can't be stigmatized" |
