Developmental Psychology Test 2

Front 1

Union of sperm and ovum to produce a zygote; also called conception

Back 1

Fertilization

Front 2

one-celled organism resulting from fertiliziation

Back 2

Zygote

Front 3

Twins conceived by the union of two different ova (or a single ovum that has split) with two different sperm cells; also called fraternal twins

Back 3

Dizygotic twins

Front 4

Twins resulting from the division of a single zygote after fertilization; also called identical twins

Back 4

Monozygotic twins

Front 5

Charactertistics disposition or style of approaching and reacting to situations

Back 5

Temperament

Front 6

Chemical that carries inherited instructions fro the development of all cellular forms of life

Back 6

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

Front 7

Sequence of bases within the DNA molecule governs the formation of proteins that determine the structure and functions of the living cells

Back 7

Genetic Code

Front 8

Coils of DNA that consist of genes

Back 8

Chromosomes

Front 9

small segments of DNA located in definile positions on articular chromosomes; functional units of heredity

Back 9

Genes

Front 10

In humans, the 22 pairs of chromosomes not related to sexual differentiation

Back 10

Autosomes

Front 11

Pair of chromosomes that determine sex: xx in the normal human female, xy in the normal human male

Back 11

Sex Chromosomes

Front 12

Two or more alternative forms of a gene that can occupy the same position on paired chromosomes and affect the same trait

Back 12

Alleles

Front 13

Possessing two identical alleles for a trait

Back 13

Homozygus

Front 14

Possessing differing alleles for a trait

Back 14

Heterozygous

Front 15

Pattern of inheritance in which, when a child receives different alleles, only the dominant one is expressed.

Back 15

Dominant inheritance

Front 16

Possessing differing alleles for a trait

Back 16

Heterozygous

Front 17

Pattern of inheritance in which, when a child receives different alleles, only the dominant one is expressed

Back 17

Dominant inheritance

Front 18

Pattern of inheritance in which a child receives identical recessive alleles, resulting in expression of a nondominant trait

Back 18

Recessive inheritance

Front 19

Pattern of inheritance in which multiple genes at different sites on chromosomes affect a complex trait

Back 19

Polygenic inheritance

Front 20

Combination of genetic and environmental factors to produce certain complex traits

Back 20

Multifactorial transmission

Front 21

Observable characteristic of a person

Back 21

Phenotype

Front 22

genetic makeup of a person containing both expressed and unexpressed characteristics

Back 22

Genotype

Front 23

Pattern of inheritance in which a child receives two different alleles, resulting in partial expression of a trair

Back 23

Incomplete Dominance

Front 24

Pattern of inheritance in which certain characteristics carried on the X chromosome inherited from the mother are transmitted differently to her male and female offspring

Back 24

Sex-linked inheritance

Front 25

Permanent alternations in genes or chromosomes that may produce harmful characteristics

Back 25

Mutations

Front 26

According to Darwin's theory of evolution, process of which characteristics that promote survival of a species are reproduced in successuve generations, and characteristics that do not promote survival die out.

Back 26

Natural Selection

Front 27

Chromosomal disorder characterized by moderate-to-severe mental retardation and by such physical signs as a down-ward sloping skinfold at the inner corners of the eyes.

Back 27

Down syndrome

Front 28

Clinical services that advises couples of their probable risk of having children with hereditary defects

Back 28

Genetic Counseling

Front 29

Quantitative study of relative hereditary and environmental influences on behavior

Back 29

Behavioral Genetics

Front 30

Statistical estimate of contribution of heredity to individual differences in a specific train within a given population

Back 30

Heritability

Front 31

Term describing tendency of twins to share the same trait or disorder

Back 31

Concordant

Front 32

Potential variability depending on environmental conditions in teh expression of a hereditary trait

Back 32

Reaction range

Front 33

Limitation on variance of expression of certain inherited characteristics

Back 33

Canalization

Front 34

The portion of phenotypic variation that results from the reactions of genetically different individual to similar environmental conditions

Back 34

Genotype- environment interaction

Front 35

tendency of certain genetic and environmental influecnes to reinforce each other; may be passive, reaction (evocative) or active. Also called genotype -environment covariance

Back 35

Genotype- environment correlation

Front 36

Tendency of a person, especially after early childhood to seek out an environment compatible w.her or her genotype

Back 36

Niche-Picking

Front 37

The unique environment in which each child grows up, consisting of distinctive influences or influences that affect one child differently than another

Back 37

Non-shared environmental effects

Front 38

Extreme overweight in relation to age, sex, height, and body type

Back 38

Obesity

Front 39

Mental disorder marked by loss of contact with reality; symptoms include hallucinations and delusions

Back 39

Schizophrenia

Front 40

Pervasive developmental disorder of the brain, characterized by lack of normal social interactions impaired communication and imagination and a highly restricted range of activities and interests.

Back 40

Autism

Front 41

Principle that development proceeds in a head-to-tail direction; that is, that upper parts of the body develop before lower parts of the trunk

Back 41

Cephalocaudal principle

Front 42

Principle that development proceeds from within to without, that is, that parts of the body near the center develop before the extremities

Back 42

Proximodistal principle

Front 43

First two weeks of prenatal development, characterized by rapid cell division, blasto-cyst formation and implantation in the wall of the uterus

Back 43

Germinal stage

Front 44

Second stage of gestation (2 to 8 weeks) characterized by rapid growth and development of major body systems and organs

Back 44

Embryonic Stage

Front 45

Natural expulsion from the uterus of an embryo that cannot survive outside the womb also called miscarriage

Back 45

Spontaneous abortion

Front 46

final stage of gestation from (8 weeks until birth) characterized by increased differentiation of body parts and greatly enlarged body size

Back 46

Fetal stage

Front 47

Prenatal medical procedure using high-frequency sound waves to detect the outline of a fetus and its movements, so as to determine whether a pregnancy is progressing normally

Back 47

Ultrasound

Front 48

Capable of causing birth defects

Back 48

Teratogenic