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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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genome
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the COMPLETE SET OF GENES of any organism
DNA/genes/genome |
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genotype
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the GENETIC material an individual inherits.
cf. phenotype |
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phenotype
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the OBSERVABLE EXPRESSION of the genotype, including both body characteristics and behavior
cf. genotype |
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chromosomes
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MOLECULES OF DNA that transmit genetic information. Chromosomes are made up of DNA.
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DNA
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molecules that carry all the BIOCHEMICAL INSTRUCTIONS involved in the formation and functioning of an organism.
DNA/genes/genome |
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genes
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sections of chromosomes that are the BASIC UNIT OF HEREDITY in all living things.
DNA/genes/genome |
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sex chromosomes
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the chromosomes (X and Y) that determine an individual's GENDER.
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mutation
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a CHANGE in a section of DNA
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crossing over
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- the process by which sections of DNA SWITCH from one chromosome to the other.
- Crossing over PROMOTES VARIABILITY among individuals. |
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regulator genes
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genes that control the activity of other genes
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alleles
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- two or more different forms of a gene.
- Influence eye color, curliness of hair, rolling tongue, etc. - dominant/recessive allele |
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homozygous
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having two of the SAME allele for a trait
cf. heterozygous |
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heterozygous
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having two DIFFERENT alleles for a trait
cf. homozygous |
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polygenic inheritance
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inheritance in which traits are governed by more than one gene.
e.g. shyness, aggression, thrill-seeking, and empathy |
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norm of reaction
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all the phenotypes that can theoretically result from a given genotype in relation to all the ENVIRONMENTS in which it can survive and develop.
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phenylketonuria (PKU)
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a disorder related to a defective recessive gene on chromosome 12 that prevents metabolism of phenylalanine (in food, sweets)
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MAOA gene
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an X-linked gene known to INHIBIT brain chemicals associated with AGGRESSION.
- those men who have relatively inactive MAOA gene AND experienced severe maltreatment grow up more antisocial. |
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behavior genetics
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the science concerned with how variation in behavior and development result from the combination of GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL factors.
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heritable
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refers to anything (characteristics, traits, etc) influenced by HEREDITY.
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heritability
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- a statistical estimate of the proportion of the measured variance on a trait among individuals in A GIVEN POPULATION (NOT INDIVIDUALS) that is attributable to individual GENETIC differences.
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