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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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structural-organismic theory
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the organism goes through an organized or structured series of stages, or discontinuous changes, over the course of development. Stages are universal.
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id
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instinctual drives
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ego
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rational and relatiy-bound aspect and attempts to gratify needs through socially appropriate behavior
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superego
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whent he child internalizes, abosrbs and accepts, parental and societal morals, values,a nd roles. develops a conscience - applying moral ability to their own acts
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psychosoical theory
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Eriksons theory.
development proceeds through a series of 8 stages that unfold across a life span. Each stage characterized by the personal and social tasks accomplished by the individual and the risks associated if tasks are failed. |
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piagetian theory
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intellectual development using 2 principles of biology: organizationa dn adaptation. Its a biologically organized process and intellectual change occurs as the mind becomes more adapted to the world
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behaviorism
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the learning of behaviors. experience plays an important role
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classical conditioning
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watsons theory. Type of learning in which 2 stimuli are repeatedly presented together until individuals learn to respond to the unfamiliar stimulus in the same way they respond to the familiar stimulus. fear and furry animals
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operant conditioning
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skinners theory. learning depends on the consequences of behavior. Positive reinforcement of a particular behavior in the form of praise of treat increases the likelyhood of the child showing hte behavior again.
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cognitive social learning theory
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learn by observing others.
banduras theory. bobo doll experiment must attend a models behavior, retain the behavior in memory, and must be abe to reproduce the behavior, and by motivated to reproduce behaior. |
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information processing approaches
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development focused on the flow of informtation through the cognitive system, beginning with an input or stimulus and ending with an output of response.
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dynamic systems theory
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individuals and their acievements can be understood and interpreted within the framework of the interacting components of the system.
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sociocultural theory
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emphasis placed on the impact of social and cultural experience on child development. the social world mediates cognitive development. cultural variation has become important.
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ecological theory
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the importance of understanding not only the relationships between organism and various environment systems but also the relationship between these environmental systems.
Bronfenbrenner has made a visual framework for environments that directly and indirectly affect the child. |
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microsystem
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setting child lives and interacts with people and settings closest to her
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mesosystem
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interrelations among the components of the microsystem (teachers parents interact with, religious settings)
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exosystem
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effect childs development but child has very indirect contact (parents work, if it involves many hours and travel)
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macrosystem
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ideological and institutional patterns of a particular culture of sub culture
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chronosystem
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change of the 4 systems over time. both the child and environment undergo change. (puberty, serious illness, new sibling)
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life-span perspective
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historical factors that may influence psychological development
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age cohort
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group of individuals who were born in the same year or during the same gerenal historic time, sharing the same historical experiences.
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ethological theory
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developed by biologists, says that behavior must be viewed and understood as occurring in a particulra context and as having adaptive or survival value
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corrletional method
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certain experiences and factors are related to each other and we use this to assess the strength of the relationship
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