Development Of The Face And Neck- Chapter 4

Front 1

The face and its related tissues begin to form during the _______ week of prenatal development, within the embryonic period.

Back 1

Fourth

Front 2

All three embryonic layers are involved in facial development. This development includes

Back 2

the formation of the primitive mouth, the mandibular arch, maxillary process, frontonasal process, and the nose.

Front 3

Facial development depends on what five facials processes/prominences(that form during the fourth week)?

Back 3

The frontonasal process,
the paired mandibular processes, and the maxillary processes,

Front 4

Facial development is completed in the ________ week.

Back 4

Twelfth

Front 5

Most of the facial tissues develop by________ of swellings or tissues on the same surface of the embryo.

Back 5

Fusion

Front 6

The upper face is initially the most ______in growth in keeping up with the growth of the brain.

Back 6

Rapid

Front 7

The forehead ceases to grow significantly after the age of ...

Back 7

12

Front 8

The primitive mouth; appears as a shallow depression in the embryotic surface ectoderm at the cephalic end before the fourth week

Back 8

Stomodeum or stomatodeum

Front 9

This temporary membrane, consisting of external ectoderm overlying endoderm, was formed during the third week of prenatal development, also separates the stomodeum from the primitive pharynx.

Back 9

Oropharyngeal membrane

Front 10

The first event in the development of the face during the fourth week of prenatal development is the disintegration of the

Back 10

Oropharyngeal membrane

Front 11

Will line the oral cavity, derived from ectoderm as a result embryonic folding

Back 11

Oral epithelium

Front 12

Oral epithelium and associated tissues will give rise to the______________.

Back 12

teeth and associated tissues

Front 13

These processes consists of a core of mesenchyme formed in part by neural crest cells that migrate to the facial region, covered externally by ectodern and internally by endoderm, these processes fuse to form the mandibular arch

Back 13

Mandibular processes

Front 14

In the midline on the surface of the bony mandible is a faint ridge, an indication of the __________.

Back 14

mandibular symphsis

Front 15

Considered the first branchial arch

Back 15

Mandibular Arch

Front 16

Stomodeum will give rise to the___________.

Back 16

oral Cavity

Front 17

During the growth of the mandibular arch, cartilage forms within each side of the arch, and each cartilage is known as____________, most of this cartilage dissappears as the bony mandible forms by intramembranous ossification lateral to and in close association with it, yet only some of ...... makes a contribution to it. A portion of the this participates in the formation of the middle ear bones.

Back 17

Meckel's Cartilage

Front 18

The mandibular arch directly gives rise to the ____________, including the lower lip, the mandibular arch will also give rise to the mandible with its mandibular teeth and associated tissues.

Back 18

lower face

Front 19

A part of perichondrium surrounding Meckel's cartilage becomes ligaments of _______________.

Back 19

the jaw and the middle ear.

Front 20

Bulge of tissue in the upper facial area, at the most cephalic end of the embryo, and is the cranial boundary of the stomodeum, will give rise to the upper face, which includes the forehead, bridge of the nose, primary palate, nasal septum, and all structures related to the medial nasal processes.

Back 20

Frontonasal Process

Front 21

On the outer surface of the embryo are rounded, specialized, thickened ectoderm found at the location of developing special sense organs. These are called...

Back 21

Placodes

Front 22

On each side of the frontonasal process, what will migrate medially from their lateral positions medially and form the future eyes and related tissues?

Back 22

Lens placodes

Front 23

Even more laterally and posteriorly placed than the lens placodes,this forms pits that create the future internal ear and related tissues as they appear to rise to their mature position as a result of their relative growth

Back 23

Otic Placodes

Front 24

Form the anterior portion of the frontonasal process. just superior to the stomodeum, during the fouth week, these two buttonlike structures form as bilateral ectodermal thickenings that later develop into olfactory cells for the sensation of smell , located in the mature nose,

Back 24

Nasal placodes

Front 25

During the fourth week, the nasal placodes become submerged, forming a depression in the center of each placode forming the ________.

Back 25

nasal pits or olfactory pits

Front 26

Deepening of the nasal pits produces a _______ that grows internally toward the developing brain,

Back 26

Nasal sac

Front 27

At first the nasal sac are separated from the stomodeum by the _______, but soon disintegrates bringing the nasal and oral cavities into communication in the area of the primitive conchae.

Back 27

Oronasal membrane

Front 28

Middle portion of the tissue growing around the nasal placodes appears as two cresent-shaped swellings located between the nasal pits, which are called______, they will fuse togethe externally to form the middle portion of the nose, from the root of the nose to the apex and the center portion of the upper lip and also the philtrum

Back 28

Medial nasal processes

Front 29

The paired medial nasal processes also fuse internally and grow inferiorly on the inside if the stomodeum to form ______________.

Back 29

Intermaxillay segment/Premaxillary segment

Front 30

On the outer portions of the nasal pits are two other cresent-shaped swellings, in the future will form the alae, or sides of the nose.

Back 30

Lateral nasal processes

Front 31

Fusion of the lateral nasal, maxillary, and medial nasal processes forms the_________.

Back 31

nares or nostrils

Front 32

During the fourth week or prenatal development, this adjacent swelling forms from increased growth of the mandibular arch, grows superiorly and anteriorly on each side of the stomodeum, also formed from mesenchyme provided by neural crest cells.

Back 32

Maxillary process

Front 33

The _____is formed when each maxillary process fuses with each medial nasal process as a result of the underlying growth of the mesenchyme. (completed during the sixth week of prenatal development)

Back 33

upper lip

Front 34

Contributes to the sides of the upper lip.

Back 34

Maxillary processes

Front 35

Contributes to the middle of the upper lip.

Back 35

the two medial nasal processes

Front 36

The maxillary processes on each side of the developing face partially fuse with the mandibular arches to form the __________ of the mouth.

Back 36

Labial commissures

Front 37

Failure of fusion of the maxillary processes with the medial nasal process can result in ____________., ; may be unilateral or bilateral; with or without cleft palate, more commonly unilateral, occuring on the left side; more severe cases extend into the floor of the nostril and through the alveolar process of the maxilla.

Back 37

Cleft Lip

Front 38

Maxillary process also fuses with the lateral nasal process along the line of the ____________; establishes a community between the side of the nose, formed by the lateral nasal process, and the cheek region, formed by the maxillary process.

Back 38

Nasolacrimal groove

Front 39

The neck and its associated tissues develop from the _____________.

Back 39

primitive pharynx and the branchial apparatus.

Front 40

The beginnings of the embryo's hollow tube are derived from the anterior portion of the _________ and will form the primitive pharynx, the future oral portion of the throat, or oropharynx.

Back 40

foregut

Front 41

The foregut is originally derived from the _____

Back 41

endoderm embryonic cell layer

Front 42

Endoderm of the pharynx lines the internal portions of the branchial arches and passes into balloonlike areas called____.

Back 42

Pharyngeal pouches

Front 43

The endoderm that lines the pharynx does not line the oral cavity proper and the nasal cavity.Oral cavity proper and nasal cavity are lined by__________, as a result of embryonic folding.

Back 43

Ectoderm

Front 44

The caudal part of the primitive pharynx forms the__________, which leads to the stomach.

Back 44

Esophagus

Front 45

Referred to the gill formation of the neck areas for respiratory function in lower life forms, no gills form in the human embryo; thus the term pharyngeal is often used..

Back 45

Branchial

Front 46

This consists of the branchial arches, branchial grooves, and membranes and pharyngeal pouches...

Back 46

Branchial Apparatus

Front 47

Stacked bilateral swellings of tissue appear inferior to the stomodeum and include the mandibular arch. These are the _______.

Back 47

Branchial arches or pharyngeal arches.

Front 48

Brachial arches: There are ___ pairs of U-shaped bars with a core of mesenchyme formed by neural crest cells that migrate toward the neck region, bend to surround and support the developing pharynx.

Back 48

six

Front 49

The __________ is absent in humans because they are so rudimentary or are included in the fourth branchial arches.

Back 49

fifth branchial arch

Front 50

Gives rise to important structures of the face and neck.

Back 50

Branchial arches

Front 51

Each branchial arch has its own developing cartilage, nerve, vascular, and muscular components within each________.

Back 51

mesodermal core

Front 52

The first two pairs of arches form the middle and lower face.

Back 52

True

Front 53

The second branchial arch is also known as______.

Back 53

Hyoid arch

Front 54

Cartilage forming within the second branchial arch is_________; most disappears, although parts are responsible for the middle ear bone, a process of the temporal bone and portions of the hyoid bone..

Back 54

Reichert's cartilage.

Front 55

The perichondrium surrounding Reichert's cartilage gives rise to the ligaments of the________ .

Back 55

Hyoid bone

Front 56

The ___ of the hyoid arches helps form the muscles of facial expression, the middle ear muscles and a suprahyoid muscle.

Back 56

mesoderm

Front 57

Involved with the formation of the tongue

Back 57

hyoid arches, along with the third and fourth branchial arches

Front 58

Between neighboring branchial arches are external grooves; noted on each side of the embryo

Back 58

Branchial grooves

Front 59

The first branchial groove is located between

Back 59

first and second branchial arches

Front 60

The first branchial membrane seperates the

Back 60

groove from the pouches, although mesenchyme later seperates theses two layers.

Front 61

Develops into the tympantic membrane

Back 61

first branchial membrane

Front 62

The first groove forms the

Back 62

external auditory meatus

Front 63

Develop from the pharyngeal pouches

Back 63

many tissues of the face and neck

Front 64

The first pharyngeal pouches form between the first and secound branchial arches and become the

Back 64

auditory tubes

Front 65

Derived from the lining of the second pharyngeal pouches and from the pharyngeal walls....

Back 65

Palatine tinsillar tissue

Front 66

First pouches

Back 66

Tympantic membrane(with first branchial groove), tympantic cavity, mastoid antrum, auditory tube

Front 67

Second pouches

Back 67

Crypts and lymphatic nodules of the palatine tonsils

Front 68

Third and fourth pouches

Back 68

Parathyroid and thymus glands

Front 69

Most congenital malformations in the neck originate during transformation of the branchial apparatus into its mature derivatives.

Back 69

True

Front 70

When branchial grooves occasionally do not become obliterated and portions remain as cervical sinuses or _________, may drain through sinuses along the neck but also may remain free in the neck tissue; do not become apparent until they produce a slowly enlarging , painless swelling.

Back 70

Cervical cysts

Front 71

First arches(mandibular)

Back 71

Trigeminal nerve, muscles of mastication, mylohoid and anterior belly of digastric tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini musles

Front 72

Second Arches(hyoid)

Back 72

Facial nerve, stapedius muscle, muscles of the facial expression, posterior belly of the digastric muscle, stylohoid muscle

Front 73

The cranial part of the foregut; the beginning of the future digestive tract...

Back 73

primitive pharynx