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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 prototypic dimensions of parenting? |
Authoritarian Authoritative Indulgent Indifferent |
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Authoritarian |
Parents are controlling but uninvolved; children are often unhappy, have low self-esteem, & are frequently overly aggressive as a result |
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Authoritative |
Fairly controlling but also responsive to child; children tend to have higher grades, are responsible, self-reliant, & friendly |
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Indulgent |
Parents love but exert little control; children are often impulsive and have little self- control |
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Indifferent |
Parents are neither warm nor controlling; children often do poorly in school and are aggressive |
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How can parents influence their children? |
Direct instruction Modeling Feedback |
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Direct instruction |
Involves telling a child what to do, when, & why; when paired with parental “coaching”, it helps children master social & emotional skills |
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Modeling |
Leads to imitation when combined with children’s observational learning; can produce counter-imitation (learning what should not be done by observing behavior) |
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Feedback |
Can be used by parents to indicate whether a behavior is appropriate & should continue or is inappropriate & should stop; reinforcement is any action that increases the likelihood of the response it follows & punishment is any action that discourages the recurrence of the response it follows |
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Cliques |
Small groups of like-minded children/adolescents who have similar attitudes, sex, race, & age |
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Crowds |
Larger mixed-sex group of older children/adolescents who have similar values & attitudes; known by a common label (nerds, jocks) |
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Dominance hierarchy |
Well-defined structure headed by a leader to whom all other members of the group defer |
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Popular & rejected children can be placed in 1/5 categories, what are they? |
Popular Rejected Controversial Average Neglected |
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What are the 3 forms of aggression? |
Instrumental Hostile Relational |
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Instrumental aggression |
When a child uses aggression to achieve a goal |
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Hostile aggression |
Unprovoked, and it’s primary goal is to intimidate, harass, & humiliate |
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Relational aggression |
When a child tries to hurt others by undermining their social relationships |
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When is a Child considered obese? |
A BMI above the 85th percentile for a child age and sex is considered overweight; a BMI above the 95th percentile obese |
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Seriation |
The ability to order items along a quantitive dimensions such as length or weight |
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Transitive inference |
The mental form of seriation |
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Origins of ADHD |
ADHD runs in families and is highly heritable: Identical twins share it more often then fraternal twins. Children with ADHD show abnormal brain functioning, including reduced electrical and blood flow activity and structural abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex and in other areas involved in attention, inhibition of behavior, and other aspects of motor control |
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Recursive thought |
The ability to reason simultaneously about what two or more people are thinking |
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Cognitive self regulation |
The process of continuously monitoring progress toward a goal, checking outcomes, and redirecting unsuccessful efforts |
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Triarchic theory of successful intelligence |
Identifies three broad interacting intelligences: analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, practical intelligence |
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Analytical intelligence |
Apply strategies; acquire task relevant and metacognitive knowledge; engage in self regulation |
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Creative intelligence |
Solve novel problems; make processing skills automatic to free working memory for complex thinking |
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Practical intelligence |
Adaption; shape and or; select environments to meet both personal goals of the demands of ones every day world |
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Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences |
Define intelligence in terms of distinct sets of processing operations that permit individuals to engage in a wide range of culturally valued activities |
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Linguistic |
Sensitive to the sounds rhythms and meaning of words and the functions of language; poet or journalist |
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Logico-mathematical |
Sensitivity to and capacity to detect logical or numerical patterns; ability to handle long chains of logical reasoning; mathematician |
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Logico-mathematical |
Sensitivity to and capacity to detect logical or numerical patterns; ability to handle long chains of logical reasoning; mathematician |
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Musical |
Ability to produce and appreciate pitch rhythm or Melody and aesthetic quality of the forms of musical expressiveness; instrumentalist or composer |
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Spatial |
Ability to perceive the visual spatial world accurately to perform transformations on those perceptions and to re-create aspects of visual experience in the absence of relevant stimuli; sculpture or navigator |
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Bodily kinesthetic |
Ability to use the body skillfully for expressive as well as goal directed purposes; ability to handle object skillfully; dancer or athlete |
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Naturalist |
Ability to recognize and classify all varieties of animals minerals and plants; biologist |
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Interpersonal |
Ability to detect and respond appropriately to the moods temperaments motivations and intentions of others; therapist or sales person |
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Intra-personal |
Ability to discriminate complex in her feelings and to use them to guide one’s own behavior; knowledge of one’s own strengths weaknesses desires and intelligence is; person with a detailed, accurate self knowledge |
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Flynn effect |
James Flynn reported a finding so consistent and intriguing that it became known as the flynn effect: IQs have increased steadily from one generation to the next |
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Divergent thinking |
The generation of multiple unusual possibilities when faced with a task or problem |
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Convergent thinking |
Involves arriving at a single correct answer and is emphasized on intelligence tests |
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Coregulation |
Form of supervision in which parents exercise general oversight while letting children take charge of moment by moment decision making |
