Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
193 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
T1L1
What is taxonomy? What is the purpose? |
Systematic categorization of organisms into a coherent scheme
Provides structure |
|
|
|
T1L1
What did Linnaeus do for taxonomy? |
Established 2 kingdoms: Animalia and Plantae
THINK There are TWO points to a LINE = LINNe and the TWO kindoms animal or plant |
|
|
|
T1L1
What did Haeckel do for taxonomy? |
Refined into 3 kindoms:
Animalia, Plantae and Protista THINK Haeckel HAeCKed the LINNe that was establisehd into three pieces Plants, Animals and Bacteria |
|
|
|
T1L1
What did Whittaker do for taxonomy |
Refined into 5 kingdoms:
Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Fungi, Monera THINK Whittaker Widened what Haeckel HAeCKed in terms of taxonomy - widened it to 5 kindgoms |
|
|
|
T1L1
What did Woese do for taxonomy |
Established 3 Domains:
Archea, Bacteria and Eukarya THINK While everyone was concerned with Kingdoms, Woese WOwed everyone by establishing domains |
|
|
|
T1L1
How do we classify microbes (3 ways)? What are the three approaches to classifications? |
Microscopic obeservations (Classical)
Biochemical methods 16s rRNA (Molecular) 1-Classical 2-Numerical 3-Molecular |
|
|
|
T1L1
Who did what to help classify microbes? |
Linnaeus, Hackel - worked on microscopic obsevations
Whittaker - worked on biochemical methods Woese - worked on 16s rRNA |
|
|
|
T1L1
What are the differences btwn Bacteria, Archea and Eukarea |
Cell wall?
Membrane lipids? Membrane RNA poly Ribosomes AA Initiator by tRNA Cell organelles Sen-Chloroamphenicol Sen-Erythromycin Sen-Streptomycin |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the four Genera of Micrococcaceae? |
Micrococcus
Planococcus Staphylococcus Stomatococcus THINK Mike Stom Plants a Staff Mic, Stom, Plan, Staph |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the characteristics of family Micrococcaceae? |
Gpos
Clusters CATpos 5% NaCl growth Most strict aerobes |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the characteristics of genus Staphylococcus: Mol%G+C Cytochrome c (Oxidase) Lysostaphin Furazolidone What family is it from? |
30-35
NEG S S Micrococcaceae |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the characteristics of genus Micrococcus: Mol%G+C Cytochrome c Lysostaphin S Furazolidone S What family is it from? |
70-75
POS NEG NEG Micrococcaceae |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the characteristics of genus Planococcus: Mol%G+C Cytochrome c Lysostaphin S Furazolidone S What family is it from? |
40-51
ND NEG ND Micrococcaceae |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the characteristics of genus Stomatococcous: Mol%G+C Cytochrome c Lysostaphin S Furazolidone S What family is it from? |
56-60
POS NEG ND Micrococcaceae |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are other characteristics of Micrococcus? Where is it found? What are some examples? |
Gpos
Cocci - tetrads/clusters Aerobic Nonmotile CATpos OXIpos Environment and transient flora (humans/animals) M.luteus M.lylae |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are other characteristics of Planococus? - What are some examples? |
Gpos
Cocci - pairs/tetrads Aerobic MOTILE - 1-3 flagella CATpos OXIpos Growth in 15% NaCl P.citreus P.kocuri |
|
|
|
T1L2
What is another name for the Genus Stomatococcus? |
Rothia
|
|
|
|
T1L2
What are other characteristics of Stomatococcus? Where is it located? What are some examples? |
Encapsulated
Gpos Cocci CATpos Nonmotile norH RT S.mucilaginosus - weakly CATpos |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are other characteristics of Staphylococcus? Where is it located? What are some examples? |
Gpos
Cocci - grape clusters Facultatively anaerobic Nonmotile CATpos OXIneg Growth in 10% NaCl Hemolytic variation Mucous membranes of humans/animals S.capitis S.auricularis S.intermedius |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are four genuses Staphylococcus is genetically related to? |
Entercocci
Streptococci Lactobacilli Bacillus |
|
|
|
T1L2
How many speceis of staph are there? |
35
17 are associated with mucous membranes of humans/animals |
|
|
|
T1L1
What is the focus of each of the three classificaitons? |
Classical deals with the morphology and physiology
-Specifically the Biology and the Structure Numerical deals with taxonomy, specifically the phenoms based on their similarites -each characteristic carries the same weight Molecular deals with NAcid comparisons -G&C thermal denaturation, nucleic acid hybridizaiton, base sequence analysis, DNA probes, 16s rRNA analysis, phylogenetic trees |
|
|
|
T1L1
What are the taxonomic Ranks |
Kingdom
Division(Phylum) Class Order Tribe Family Genus Species Biovar |
|
|
|
T1L1
What is Phenoms? |
Clustering of similar organisms into groups
|
|
|
|
T1L2
What is S.aureus opportunistic for? |
Defects in immunological system
Complement deficiencies Leukocyte chemotaxis Skin injuries, burns Presence of foreign bodies Viral infection:influenza Other underlying diseases, malignancy, alcoholism, heart disease, diabetes Antimicrobial agents (acutane) |
|
|
|
T1L2
Staphylococcus Family characteristics? Furazolidone Disk (FX) Oxidase Bacitracin Lyostaphin Acid from GLU (anaerobic) |
Sensitive
Negative Resistant Sensitive Positive |
|
|
|
T1L2
Micrococcus Family characteristics? Furazolidone Disk (FX) Oxidase Bacitracin Lyostaphin Acid from GLU (anaerobic) |
Resistant
Positive Sensitive Resistant Negative |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the two sources of pathogenesis? |
Lysogenic Conversion
Chromosomal encoded virluence genes |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the virluence genes/factors |
Capsules
Polysaccharide A Protein A Clumping Factor Adhesions Other - Hemolysins, Proteases, Nucleases |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the common types of polysaccharides in capsules? |
Type 5 and 8
|
|
|
|
T1L2
What is the funciton of Polysaccharide A? What is the composition? |
Adheres to mucosal surfaces
Provides rigidiy to the cell Inactivates immunological system of the host Linear ribitol teichoic acids |
|
|
|
T1L2
Cell walls contain what to increase the virluence of (S.aur?) What does it do? What test detects this VF? |
Protein A
It interferes with the host's immune system Coagglutination Test |
|
|
|
T1L2
What does clumping factor do? |
Allows the bact to attach to surfaces (fibrinogen/fibrin)
|
|
|
|
NSAID available orally, IM and ophthalmically
|
Ketoralac
|
Ketorolac IV should not be mixed with 3M because these 3M drugs will precipitate out of Ketorolac IV solution:
Meperidine Morphine proMethazine (whoever added this, thanks - van) |
|
|
T1L2
What are the two broad VF for staph (aureus)? |
Cellular Antigens
Extracellular Proteins |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the Extracelluar VFs? |
Catalse
Coagulase Hydrolases Staphylokinases beta lactamase Hemolysins Pyrogenic Exotoxins Other Exotoxins |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the Celluar VFs? |
Capsules
Polysaccharide A Protein A Clumping Factor Adhesions |
|
|
|
T1L2
How does is Catalase a VF? |
inactivates H2O2 and free radicals in phagocyting cells after ingestion
|
|
|
|
T1L2
What system synthesizes H2O2? |
Myeloperoxidase system
|
|
|
|
T1L2
What does Free Coagulase do? |
Coat the bact w/ fibrin - resistant to phagocytosis
Converts fibrinogen to fibrin (kinda like m.tuber) |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the four hydrolases? What does each do? |
Lipases
Phospholipase C Hyaluronidase Thermonuclease Lipases-spreads into tissue (cutaneous and subcutaneous) Phospholipase C-INC damage of complement Hyaluronidase-allows the organism to spread (focus on mucopolysaccharides) Thermonuclease-cleaves DNA&RNA |
|
|
|
T1L2
What does staphylokinase do? |
Dissolves the fibrin clots and allows spreading
|
|
|
|
T1L2
What does Betalactamase do? |
Antibiotic resistance: cleaves the lactam ring of antibiotics
|
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the two hemolysins? What does each do? |
Beta hemolysin
Delta hemolysin beta - attacks the plasma membrane (shingomyelin) delta - creates pores in the plasma membrane acts as a surfactant |
|
|
|
T1L2
What does pyrogenic exotoxins do? What is another name for this? |
stimulates the proliferation of T cells
Toxic shock synrome toxin 1 |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are two other exotoxins? What do they do? |
Leucocidin Panton-Valentine
Exofoliations/Epidermolytic toxins LPV - Attacks the PMN (neutrophil cell membranes) causing swelling and lysis Exofoliations/Epidermolytic - attack the muccopolysaccharide matrix of the epidermis |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the SIX identification characteristics of Staph |
Coagulase
Acid from Mannitol DNase Novobiocin Anaerobic Growth Hemolysis |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the FOUR SKIN diseases caused by S.aureus? |
Furuncle
Carbuncle Impetigo Scalded skin syndrome |
|
|
|
T1L2
What is a Furuncle? |
Painful,indurated abscess of necrosis of subcutaneous tissue
|
|
|
|
T1L2
What is a Carbuncle? |
A furuncle that goes deeper into the fibrous tissue, multiple openings and pus discharge (scarring)
|
|
|
|
T1L2
What is Impetigo? |
Skin infection commonly in newborns that cause blisters and sores
|
|
|
|
T1L2
What is Scalded Skin Syndrome? |
Just disease in which the kid looks like he was doused with boiling water - releases oxofoliative toxin
THINK S.aur |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the other dieseases that caused by S.aureus (it affects 4 Systems) |
Toxic shock synrome
Bronchopneumonia Staphylococcal colitis Food poisoning Septicemia Osteomyeleitis Arthritis |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the highlights of Staphylococcus epidermidis? |
Coagulase NEG (50-80% of all in clinical lab)
Nosocomial infection - endocarditis, wound infections and UTIs Biofilm |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the TWO mains virluence factors of Staphylococcus epidermidis? What do they do? |
PS/A - adheres to catheters
PIA - adheres cells together and acts as a hemagglutinin |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the highlights of Staphylococcus saprophyticus? |
Coagulse NEG
UTI (after E.coli) |
|
|
|
T1L2
What are the THREE virluence factors of Staphylococcus epidermidis? What do they do? |
Urease - contributes to bladder invasion
Surface Associated Protein - adherence to UEcells Hemagglutin - aids in adherence to UEcells |
|
|
|
T1L6
What are the characteristics of Corynebacterium? |
Gpos (meso-diaminopimelic acid INS L-LYS) (Mycolic acid, arabinose, GAL)
Pleomorphic Aerobic CATpos Nonmotile Nonspore NonAcFast Most fermernt GLC |
|
|
|
T1L6
What are the symptoms of Diphtheria |
Early
Nonspecific malaise Lowgrade fever Sore throat Loss of apptetite Late Irregular heartbeat Swallowing difficulty Coma/Death |
|
|
|
T1L6
What type of toxin does C.diphtheria produce? What does it do to the URT? |
Exotoxin!
necrosis/diphtheric pseudomembrane ecthyma dipthericum (skin lesions) |
|
|
|
T1L6
Where does the toxin focus on? |
Heart - most common
CNS - most common PNS Liver Kidneys |
|
|
|
T1L6
Treatment The antitoxin for C.dip is based of what animal? What antibiotic is needed? What does each do? |
Horsies! - neutralize the floating toxin/removes unbounded source
Penicillin/erythromycin - kills the colonies/producers |
|
|
|
T1L6
What are FOUR cell wall characteristics for C.dip? |
1-Chemotype IV - MESO DAP, Arabinose and GAL
2-Distinct mycolic acids - corynomocolic acids 3-Fatty acids - sat/unsat straight chain! 4-Menaquinones |
|
|
|
T1L6
What test identifies C.dip? Which is in vivo/vitro |
Schick test vivo
Elek test vitro (elks and rabbits) THINK similarities sChiCk = ViVo Or ELeKs have dorsal horns to it is viTro |
|
|
|
T1L6
What are the FOUR distinct coloy types? |
Gravis
Mitis Intermedius Belfanti |
|
|
|
T1L6
How do you differenciate the FOUR biotypes of C.dip |
Gravis/Mitis are both large, convex colonies with entire edges, slightly hemolytic
Intermediate - small, black, dense colonies on Tellurite Dont forget Belfanti All 4 types grow as black colonies on Tinsdale All 4 form gray-white, smooth nonhemolytic colonies on SBA |
|
|
|
T1L6
What are the morhpologies of the FOUR different biotypes? |
Gravis - short irregular rods
Mitis - long curved irregular rods Mitis DOES NOT ferment starch Gravis ferments starch |
|
|
|
T1L6
What are THREE isolating media can be used in C.dip |
SBA
Loeffler serum Tinsdale |
|
|
|
T1L6
What does Loeffer's serum medium do? What are these formations called? How does it look? |
Enhances the storage granule formation
Babes-Ernst bodies THe cells are BLUE and the granules are RED |
|
|
|
T1L6
What does Tinsdale/Potassium Tellurite medium do? Why does it do this? How does it look |
Inhibits the growth of nomal flora in the throat
Bact reduces tellurite into a metaloid Grey black w/ brown halo |
|
|
|
T1L6
What factor influences toxoid formaton? What are the TWO fragments that are split? Which is significant? |
Beta phage
Fragment A (amino terminus) Fragment B (carboxyl terminus) Fragment B inactivates protein synthesis |
|
|
|
T1L6
What gene and reagent controls regulation |
TOX gene and Fe
INDIRECT -INC [Fe] inh Tox geen transcription |
|
|
|
T1L6
Where is the R domain in the two fragments of the c.dip toxin? |
B fragment!
|
|
|
|
T1L6
Describe the incorporation of the genes in C.dip |
lysogenic (β) bacteriophages: carry tox genes infect C.dip
-genes incorporated Tox+ produce toxin |
|
|
|
T1L6
Describe how dip toxin is incorporated into the cell |
There are two fragments
A and B B contains the R domain R domain binds with HB-EGF Endocytic vesicle swallows toxin pH drops - allows the protein to denature Disulfide bonds are broken - releasing a chain into the cytoplasm A fragment causes a reaction that leads to destroying cell's capability of protein synthesis |
|
|
|
T1L6
What is the reaction the A fragment catalyzes? |
NAD + EF2 –(A chain)-> ADP-ribosylEF2 + nicotinamide + H
It is the inactivation of EF2 - elongation factor 2 |
|
|
|
T1L6
What does LOW [Fe] do to the tox gene? |
INITIATES the expression of dip toxin
|
|
|
|
T1L6
What does HIGH [Fe] do to the tox gene? |
INHIBITS the expression of dip toxin
|
|
|
|
T1L6
What is the protocol for the administering of DPT? |
3 IM doses 4-8 weeks to children
4th dose @ 6-12 months later |
|
|
|
T1L6
What are other species of corynebacterium? |
Humans
C. jeikeium C. pseudotuberculosis C. pseudodiphtheritcum Animans C. bovis Plants C. betae |
|
|
|
T1L6
Which is the most common species isolated form human infections? What are the highlights of this bact? |
C.jeikeium
Skin - Nosocomial, lipophilic species, first to be multiresistent to antimicro agents |
|
|
|
T1L6
What is the highlight of the C. pseudodiphtheriticum? |
Becoming an emerging pathogen
Normal oropharyngeal flora, infects the respiratory tract |
|
|
|
T1L5
What are the general characteristics of Neisseria |
Gneg cocci
OXIpos CATpos NONmotile |
|
|
|
T1L5
Who found gonorrhoeae? |
Neisser!
|
|
|
|
T1L5
Who found meningitidis? |
Weichselbaum
|
|
|
|
T1L5
Which became resistant to sulfonamides? |
Meningitidis
|
|
|
|
T1L5
Where is the general location of the genus Neisseria? |
Mucous membranes of warm blooded hosts
|
|
|
|
T1L5
Issue w/ slide 7 |
needs clearning up!
|
|
|
|
T1L5
What are the THREE VF that for N.gon and men? |
Gonoccal Pili
LOS - lipooligosaccharides IgA1 protease |
|
|
|
T1L5
In gonococcal pili, what are the two types of variation? |
Phase
Antigenic |
|
|
|
T1L5
What is phase variation? |
Switching between the + and - phase/state of pili
|
|
|
|
T1L5
What is the piliated phase/state? |
P+ and P++
|
|
|
|
T1L5
What is the nonpiliated phase/state? |
P-
|
|
|
|
T1L5
What is the the antigenic type of variation? |
Pili genes undergo recombinational event --> new pili
|
|
|
|
T1L5
What genes does the pilE contain? |
Genes for pilus proteins
|
|
|
|
T1L5
What genes does the pilS contain? |
Genes for recombinational event
|
|
|
|
T1L5
What is the significance of the recombinational event? |
The Ig's NO LONGER BIND
|
|
|
|
T1L5
What are the THREE funcitons of IgA1 protease |
Inactivates IgA1 at the hinge region --> permits attachment
Exoenzyme triggers cytokines from human monocytes (WBC) Modifies InTrC protein involved in phagosome/lysosome fusion |
|
|
|
T1L5
What is the vaccine for n.gonorrhoeae? |
NOTHING!!
|
|
|
|
T1L5
What is the vaccine for n.meningitidis? |
Menactra
|
|
|
|
T1L5
What does N.gon pili do spefically? |
Mediate gonococcal attachment to different cell types
Impede in phagocytosis |
|
|
|
T1L5
What does the LOS do? |
Stimulates an inflammatory resopnse
Activates complement Induce lysis of PMNs Cause tissue damage Contains antigenic variation |
|
|
|
T1L5
What are the THREE layers of LOS? |
Inner cytoplasmic membrane
Thin peptidoglycan Outer "LOS" |
|
|
|
T1L5
What is the distinct VFs of N.gon? What does it do? |
Outer membrane proteins
1-Resists properties of normal serum 2-attachment in mucosal adhesion 3-Fe acquisition |
|
|
|
T1L5
What is the distinct VF of N.men? What does it do? |
Capsular polysaccharides
MAKES CAPSULES |
|
|
|
T1L5
What are two generalized symtpoms of n.gon? |
Gonococcal Infection
Gonococcal Arthritis |
|
|
|
T1L5
What are specific symptoms of n.gon in females? What is the typical timeframe until they present symptoms? |
Endocervix infection
Urethral infection Vaginal discharge Pelvic pain/bleeding Intermenstrual bleeding 8-10 days |
|
|
|
T1L5
What are some complications N.gon for females? |
PID/salpingitis
Bartholinitis Rare cases may be systematic infection -->arthirits and joint destruction |
|
|
|
T1L5
What is bartholinitis? |
infection in the greater vestribular gland
|
|
|
|
T1L5
What is salpingitis? |
ascending gonococcal infection
|
|
|
|
T1L5
What are the specific symptoms of n.gon for males? What is the typical timeframe until they present symptoms? |
Burning urination (urethritis)
Purulent discharge 1-14 days |
|
|
|
T1L5
What are some complications for males Ngon? |
Impacts in penile veins
Tender prostate Skenitis Inflamed bladder Inflamed testis |
|
|
|
T1L5
What is the trend difference between asymptomatic and single exposure infection? |
50/50 females are much more likely to be asymptomatic and infected in single exposure
Males have LOWER chances |
|
|
|
T1L5
How likely is someone to be asymptomatic via throat culture? |
90+%
|
|
|
|
T1L5
Compare the differences in localizaiton of phatogenesis Ngon vs Nmen |
Ngon - mucosal surface
-cervix -urethra -throat -anus -birthcanal Nmen-NOT cuase inflammation in mucosal surfaces bloodborne - penetrates to the meninges (brain) |
|
|
|
T1L5
What are the commonalities of Ngon and Nmen identification/isolation? |
Gram stain
Thayer-martin/Martin Lewis |
|
|
|
T1L5
What is the gonorrhea that can be given to newborns? |
Gonorrhea opthalmia
|
|
|
|
T1L5
What species transfered the antibiotic resistance to Ngon? How? |
A transposon from H.influenzae
|
|
|
|
T1L5
What is the general characteristics for N.men |
Gneg coccobacillus
OXIpos CATpos NO3neg NO2var GLU+ MAL+ FRU- SUC- LAC- |
|
|
|
T1L5
What is Nmen's VF? What does it do? What is the most common? |
Capsular Polysaccharides
Makes 13 different poly-capsules A,B,C Y and W135 |
|
|
|
L1L5
What is the PRIMARY pathogeneisis of Nmen? |
Initiated by the nasophar via droplet nuclei
Adherence to the nasophar is mediated by the pili Cleavage the IgA1 Phagocytosis is INH by the capsule |
|
|
|
L1L5
What are the TWO disseminated diseases of Nmen? |
Septicemia - bact invade the blood stream from the nasophar
Meningitis - bact cross the blood brain barrier |
|
|
|
T1L5
What are the symptoms of Nmen? |
confusion
headache high fever rigidity of neck nausea vomiting sensitivity to light confusion sleepiness seizures purple rash |
|
|
|
T1L5
Where is Nmen localized to? |
Oropharynx/nasopharynx
|
|
|
|
T1L5
What is the main mechanism of death for Nmen? |
Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Carriers ASYMPTOMATIC |
|
|
|
T1L5
What are the risk factors for Nmen? |
Freshman in dorms
Crowded New people Lack of sleep Sharing items orally |
|
|
|
T1L5
How do you diagnose Nmen? |
Spinal tap
Blood sample Immunological probles Slide agglutination tests Gstain ThayerMartin/MartinLewis |
|
|
|
T1L5
How do you treat Nmen? |
High dose of IVpen, chlroamphenical, cephalosporin
|
|
|
|
T1L5
Link it back to Nmen and Cdip. Which one eradicates the CARRIER STATE via the use of antibiotic theorapy? |
C.diphth
|
|
|
|
T1L5
What are the other species of Neiseriaceae? What are the highlights? |
N.lactamica - looks like menin
-colonizes the throat -ABC antibody stimulation to Nmen N.cinerea - looks like Ngon -colonizes the URT (normal), genitals -Colistin disk test Susceptible N.flavescens - colonizes the RT |
|
|
|
T1L5
Which of the two Neisseria straints are alike? |
Nlactima and Nmen
& Ngon and Ncin THINK alphabet GC are close and LM are close |
|
|
|
T1L3
How are the Strep,Entero and strep-like classified (THREE WAYS)? |
Molecular methods
DNA-DNA hybridizations 16s rRNA sequencing |
|
|
|
T1L3
What are the general charactersitics of Lactobacillales? |
GpC
Chains/tetrads/pairs |
|
|
|
T1L3
What is Homolactic Fermentation? |
GLC --> lactic acid
NO GAS 2ATP FRU 1,6-diP aldolase |
|
|
|
T1L3
What is Heterolactic Fermentation? |
GLC --> organic acid
CO2 1ATP NO FRU 1,6-diP aldolase |
|
|
|
T1L3
What is the metabolism of Leuconostoc? |
HET
|
|
|
|
T1L3
What are the characteristics of Leuconostoc? |
Pairs/chains
NONmotile CATneg Grow in MRS agar |
|
|
|
T1L3
What is unique about Oenococcus |
It is used in the wine industry
Lactic acid and CO2 from malic acid and wine (Hom and Het) |
|
|
|
T1L3
What is the metabolism of Leuconostoc? |
HET
|
|
|
|
T1L3
What are the characteristics of Leuconostoc? |
Pairs/chains
NONmotile CATneg Grow in MRS agar |
|
|
|
Pavlov
APT agar |
Pediococcus
|
|
|
|
Pavlov
MRS agar |
Leuconostoc
|
|
|
|
Pavlov
Wine |
Oenococcus
|
|
|
|
T1L3
What are the general characteristics of Pediococcus? |
Pairs/tetrads
Facultative NONmotile CATneg VANCOMYCINres |
|
|
|
T1L3
What fermentation is Pediococcus? |
HOM
|
|
|
|
Pavlov
Acidophile |
Oenococcus
|
|
|
|
Pavlov
P.acidilactici |
Pediocin production/meat fermentation
|
|
|
|
Pavlov
(L. mesenteroides) subsp. Dextranicum |
Dextran (sephadex)
|
|
|
|
T1L3
What is pediocin? |
Peptide antibiotic
Useful in meats/soft cheeses INH Listeria monocytogenes HOW? channels in membranes |
|
|
|
T1L3
What fermentation is Lactococcus? |
HOM
|
|
|
|
T1L3
What are the general characteristics of Lactococcus? |
HOMferm
CATneg Chains Lancefield g N Industrial starter of dairy |
|
|
|
Pavlov
Industrial Dairy |
Lactococcus
|
|
|
|
Pavlov
Lactic acid bact |
Lactococcus
|
|
|
|
T1L3
What does Nisin do? |
Prevents the clostridial gas formation in hard cheeses
|
|
|
|
Pavlov
Industrial starter meat/pickle/silage |
Pediococcus
|
|
|
|
T1L3
What are the characteristics of Aerococcus? |
HOMferm
Pairs/tetrads Microaerophilic Gafkemia |
|
|
|
Pavlov
Gafkemia |
Aerococcus virdans
|
|
|
|
T1L3
What are the characteristics of Gemella? |
HOMferm
Single/Pairs AntimAgents Susceptible Gafkemia |
|
|
|
Pavlov
Variety of antimicrobial agent susceptible |
Gemella
|
|
|
|
T1L1
Smallest to Largest Micoccaceae |
Staph, Plan, Stom, Mic
|
|
|
|
Pavlov
Planococcus |
MARINE
|
|
|
|
Pavlov
Encapsulated Micrococcaceae Endocarditis |
Stomatococcus/Rothia
|
|
|
|
Pavlov
Staph vs Micro FX (Furazolidone Disk) Oxidase Bacitracin Lysostaphin Acid from fermentation |
Staph S
Micro Micro Staph Staph |
|
|
|
Pavlov
Heterogenous Fermenting Lactobacillales |
Leuconostoc
|
|
|
|
What is AMES test?
|
Tests bact for carcinogens that mutate bact
(Salmonella typhimurium) |
|
|
|
ET-A
Heat Stable/Unstable? Source DNA? |
Stable
Chromosomal |
|
|
|
ET-B
Heat Stable/Unstable? |
Unstable
Plasmid |
|
|
|
Pavlov
MRSA? |
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcous Aureus
|
|
|
|
Pavlov
VISA? |
Vancomycin intermediate resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
|
|
|
|
Biofilm Micrococcaceae Plastic Medical Devices
|
Staphylococcus epidermidis
|
|
|
|
Lancefiend Group None
|
Alpha hemolysis
HIPPneg |
|
|
|
Lancefield Group None
|
S pneumoniae
|
|
|
|
vStrep Characteristics
|
alph Hemolysis
BACITRACINv SXTsensitive CAMPneg HIPPvariable PYRneg BEv 6.5%NaClneg OPTOCHINres |
|
|
|
Anginosus group
|
Group F
|
|
|
|
All 3 hemolysis
|
Group F
Anginosus group |
|
|
|
Group G strep hemolysis
|
Beta
|
|
|
|
S. salivarius
|
Group K
|
|
|
|
Group D
|
Nonenterococci
Enterococci Grow in BEscu |
|
|
|
S. bovis
|
Group D
|
|
|
|
Charactersitics of Group D
|
PYRneg
6.5%neg SXTsen Various hemolysis |
|
|
|
Hippurate hydrolysis results
|
Cloudy cream broth --> clear yellow liquid
|
|
|
|
CAMP what does it do?
Which strep? |
Group B
Enhances hemolysis |
|
|
|
Streptolysin O
|
O sensitive
ASO Cholesterol in RBC ANTIGENIC |
|
|
|
Streptolysin S
|
NON antigenic
O stable Phospholipids in RBC |
|
|
|
Alpha hemylysis is what?
|
INCOMPLETE lysis green
Spneumoneae |
|
|
|
Gamma hemolysis is what?
|
NO hemolysis
S bovis E fecalis |
|
|
|
Lancefield Grouping
|
ABCFG - human surface antigen grouping
L-rhamn |
|
|
|
Group A
|
Lrham NAG
|
|
|
|
Group C
|
Lrham NAGal
|
|
|
|
ASO test
|
Rheumatic fever
|
|
|
|
SXT distinguishes btwn which strep groups?
|
A and B from OTHER strep
|
|
|
|
streptococcus algalactiae
|
childbed fever
|
|
|
|
Hemolysin function
|
creates channels, beta important
|
|
