Dental X-Ray Machines

Front 1

The dental x-ray machine consist of three visible component parts:

Back 1

1) control panel
2) extension arm
3) tube head

Front 2

Control panel

Back 2

Contains on-off switch and an indicator light, an exposure button and indicator light, and control device (time, kilo-voltage, and milliamperage selectors) to regulate the X-ray beam.

Front 3

Extension arm

Back 3

Suspends the X-ray tube head and houses the electrical wires that extend from the control panel to tube head.

Front 4

Tubehead

Back 4

Tight sealed, heavy metal housing that contains the X-ray tube that produces dental X-rays.

Front 5

What component parts are included in the tubehead?

Back 5

1) metal housing
2) insulating oil
3) tubehead seal
4) X-ray tube
5) transformer
6) aluminum disks
7) lead collimator
8) position indicating device (PID)

Front 6

Metal hpusing

Back 6

The metal body of the tubehead that's surrounds the X-ray tube and transformers is filled with oil--protects the X-ray tube and grounds the high voltage components.

Front 7

Insulating oul

Back 7

Oil that surrounds the X-ray tube and transformers around the tubehead--prevents overheating by absorbing the heat created by the production of X-rays.

Front 8

Tubehead seal

Back 8

Aluminum or lead-glass covering of the that permits the exit of X-rays from the tubehead--seals the oil in the tube head and ask as a filter to the x-ray beam

Front 9

X-ray tube

Back 9

The heart of the x-ray generating system

Front 10

Transformer

Back 10

A device that alters the voltage of incoming electricity

Front 11

Aluminum disks

Back 11

Sheets of 0.5 mm thick aluminum placed in the path of the x-ray beam--filter out the non-penetrating, longer wavelength x-rays

Front 12

Lead collimator

Back 12

A lead plate with a central it's directly over the opening of the middle housing, where the x-ray exits--restricts the size of the x-ray beam

Front 13

Position indicating device (PID)

Back 13

Open ended, lead line cylinder that extends from the opening of the metal housing of the tubehead--aims and shapes the x-ray beams

Front 14

Lead glass housing

Back 14

Let it glass back into that prevents x-rays from escaping all directions

Front 15

Cathode

Back 15

Negative electrode, consist of tungsten wire filament in a cup shaped made of molybdenum.
The purpose of the cathode is to supply electrons necessary to generate x-rays.

Front 16

Tungsten filament

Back 16

Coiled wire made of tungsten which produces electron when heated

Front 17

Molybdenum cup

Back 17

Focuses the electrons into a narrow beam and directs the beam across the tube toward the tungsten target of the anode

Front 18

Anode

Back 18

Positive electrode, consist of a wafer thin tungsten plate embedded in a solid copper rod. The purpose of the anode is to convert electrons into x-ray photons

Front 19

Tungsten target

Back 19

Plate of tungsten, which serves as a focal spot and convert bombarding electrons into x-ray photons

Front 20

Copper stem

Back 20

Functions to dissipate the heat away from the tungsten target

Front 21

Electrical current

Back 21

Electrical energy consist of a flow of electrons through a conductor; this is known as the electrical current

Front 22

Direct-current (DC)

Back 22

When electrons flow in one direction through the conductor

Front 23

Alternating current (AC)

Back 23

An electrical current in which the electrons flow in two, opposite directions

Front 24

Rectification

Back 24

Conversion of AC to DC.

Front 25

Amperage

Back 25

The measurement of the number of electrons moving through the conductor.

Front 26

Amperes (A)
Milliamperes (mA)

Back 26

Measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative to a positive one.
Current is measured in A or mA

Front 27

Volts (V)
Kilovolts (kV)

Back 27

Voltage is measured in V or kV

Front 28

Circuit

Back 28

Path of electrical current

Front 29

Filament current

Back 29

3 to 5 volts, regulates the flow of electrical current to the filament of the x-ray tube, and is controlled by the milliampere setting

Front 30

High-voltage curcuit

Back 30

65,000 to 100,000 volts, provides the high-voltage required to accelerate electrons and generate x-ray and the x-ray tube, and is controlled by the kilovoltage settings

Front 31

Step-down transformer

Back 31

Used to decrease the voltage from the incoming 110- or 220-line voltage to the 3 to 5 volts used by the filament circuit.

Front 32

Step-up transformer

Back 32

Used to increase the voltage from the incoming 110- or 220-line voltage to the 65,000 to 100,000 volts used by the high-voltage circuit.

Front 33

Autotransformer

Back 33

Serves as a voltage compensator that corrects for minor fluctuations in the current

Front 34

In the production of dental x-rays, three transformers are used to adjust the electrical circuits:

Back 34

Step-down - more wire cools in the primary than the secondary.

Step-up - more wire coils in the secondary than the primary

Autotransformer