Dental X-Ray Film Processing (Chapter 9)

Front 1

What is the stored energy on an exposed film called

Back 1

Silver Halide Crystals

Front 2

The processed film was underdeveloped, what would cause this

Back 2

Not enough developing time

Developer temperature too low

Depleted developer solution

Contaminated developer solution

Front 3

Film was exposed to light when the door was opened, this would cause the film to be

Back 3

Black

Front 4

In the film processing step the rinsing step is necessary because

Back 4

Rinsing removes the developer from the film & stops the development process

Front 5

The film emulsion is hardened during what process

Back 5

Fixation

Front 6

The processed film has a straight white border on one side

Back 6

Developer Solution Too Low

Front 7

The processed film is dark because of overdevelopment what would cause this

Back 7

Too much developing time

Developer temperature to high

Concentrated developer

Front 8

The processed film has a straight black border on one side

Back 8

Fixer solution too low

Front 9

The optimal temperature for developer solution is

Back 9

68 Degrees

Front 10

What are the film processing steps in order

Back 10

Development

Rinsing

Fixing

Washing

Drying

Front 11

The hydroquinone in the developer brings out the ________ tones, wheres the Elon in the developer brings out the ________ tones on a dental radiograph

Back 11

Black

Gray

Front 12

The safe light must be placed a minimum of what distance from the film and the word area

Back 12

4 Feet

Front 13

Unopened boxes of x-ray film should not be stored in the darkroom because

Back 13

Chemical fumes from processing solutions may for the film

Front 14

The thermometer for manual processing should be placed in the

Back 14

Developer Solution

Front 15

at 68F what is the optimal development time for manual film processing

Back 15

6 Minutes

Front 16

Why is a replenisher added to the processing solution

Back 16

Compensate for the loss of solution strength

Ensure uniform results between solution changes

Compensate for the loss of volume of solution

Compensate for oxidation

Front 17

What can be used to clean the processing tank

Back 17

Commercial Tank Cleaner

Hydrochloric Acid and Water Solution

Front 18

A breakdown of chemicals in the processing solution that results from exposure to air

Back 18

Oxidation

Front 19

The superconcentrated solution is added to the processing solution to compensate for the effects of oxidation

Back 19

Replenisher

Front 20

Converts the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver and generates the black areas on the radiograph

Back 20

Developing Solution

Front 21

Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals and created white areas on the radiograph

Back 21

Fixer Solution

Front 22

What chemicals are used in the Developing Agent

Back 22

Hydroquinone

Elon

Front 23

What chemicals are used in the Preservative

Back 23

Sodium Sulfite

Front 24

What chemicals are used in the Accelerator

Back 24

Sodium Carbonate

Front 25

What chemicals are used in the Restrainer

Back 25

Potassium Bromide

Front 26

What chemicals are used in the Fixing Agent

Back 26

Ammonium Thiosulfate

Sodium Thiosulfate

Front 27

What chemicals are used in the Hardening Agent

Back 27

Potassium Alum

Front 28

What chemicals are used in the Acidifier

Back 28

Acetic Acid

Sulfuric Acid

Front 29

What is the role of the water bath/washing in processing

Back 29

Wash the film after fixation to remove all excess chemicals from the emulsion

Front 30

Whats the appearance of the processing error for fogged film

Back 30

Gray

Front 31

Whats the appearance of the processing error for overdeveloped film

Back 31

Dark

Front 32

Whats the appearance of the processing error for underdeveloped film

Back 32

Light

Front 33

Whats the appearance of the processing error for light leak

Back 33

Black

Front 34

Whats the appearance of the processing error for developer cutoff

Back 34

Straight White Border

Front 35

Whats the appearance of the processing error for fixer cutoff

Back 35

Straight Black Border

Front 36

Back 36

Underdeveloped Film

Front 37

Back 37

Overdeveloped Film

Front 38

Back 38

Reticulation of Emulsion

Front 39

Back 39

Fixer Spots

Front 40

Back 40

Developer Cutoff

Front 41

Back 41

Fixer Cutoff

Front 42

Back 42

Overlapped Film

Front 43

Back 43

Air Bubbles

Front 44

Back 44

Black Fingerprint

Front 45

Back 45

Static Electricity

Front 46

Back 46

White Light

Front 47

Back 47

Fogged Film

Front 48

Back 48

Developer Spots

Front 49

Back 49

Fingernail Artifact

Front 50

Back 50

Scratches

Front 51

What would cause film to be underdeveloped

Back 51

Inadequate development time

Developer solution too cool

Inaccurate timer or thermometer

Depleted or contaminated solution

Front 52

What would cause film to be overdeveloped

Back 52

Excessive developing time

Developer solution too hot

Inaccurate timer or thermometer

Concentrated solution

Front 53

What would cause reticulation of emulsion

Back 53

Sudden temperature change between developer and water bath

Front 54

What would cause developer spots

Back 54

Developer comes in contact with film before processing

Front 55

What would cause fixer spots

Back 55

Fixer comes in contact with film before processing

Front 56

What would cause yellow brown stains

Back 56

Exhausted developer or fixer

Insufficient fixation time or rinsing

Front 57

What would cause developer cutoff

Back 57

Low level of developer

Front 58

What would cause fixer cutoff

Back 58

Low level of fixer

Front 59

What would cause overlapped films

Back 59

Two films contacting each other during processing

Front 60

What would cause air bubbles

Back 60

Air trapped on the film surface after being placed in processing solution

Front 61

What would cause static electricity

Back 61

Film packet is opened quickly

Front 62

What would cause fogged film

Back 62

Improper safelighting

Light leaks

Outdated films

Improper film storage

Contaminated solutions

Developer too hot