Dental Hygiene Boards- Autoimmune Diseases

Front 1

define immunologic tolerance

Back 1

bodes ability to discriminate between its own antigens & foreign antigens

Front 2

define autoimmunity

Back 2

immunological tolerance sails, activating T cells & immune system which attack its own tissues, immune cells are confused, normal cells are altered

Front 3

what is the dental hygiene process of care steps?

Back 3

assess, diagnose, plan, implement, evaluate

Front 4

what is rheumatoid arthritis

Back 4

chronic disorder characterized by inflammatory destruction the joints, a connective tissue disease, body interprets synovial membrane as a threat

Front 5

rheumatoid arthritis results in ______ looking joints

Back 5

deformed

Front 6

what age group does rheumatoid arthritis most affect? what is the sex predilection of rheumatoid arthritis

Back 6

ages 20-40 ... common in women

Front 7

what joint is least affected during rheumatoid arthritis

Back 7

the hips

Front 8

what joints are affected first during rheumatoid arthritis? what muscle can be effected that has importance in dentistry?

Back 8

fingers, hands, knees & feet are affected 1st ... the TMJ is also affected

Front 9

name some differences in rheumatoid arthritis compared to osteoarthritis

Back 9

rheumatoid has multiple joints involved, inflammation, AM stiffness lasts 1 hour, systemic manifestations, nodules (soft tissue), develop at any age .................... osteoarthritis is 1 joint, no inflammation, stiffness lasts 15mins, no systemic involvement, nodes (bone growth), only in elderly

Front 10

rheumatoid arthritis is difficult to diagnose, to diagnose a patient they must have at least 4 findings... name some of the medical findings associated with rheumatoid arthritis

Back 10

AM stiffness, nodules, arthritis in 3 or more areas, arthritis in hands, radiographic changes, rheumatoid factor in blood, symmetric arthritis

Front 11

during an dental hygiene visit your patient tells you that they have a history of rheumatoid arthritis and they have recently had their knee replaced due to their condition. What is your next step in treatment of this patient?

Back 11

find out how long its been since the joint replacement surgery, joint replacement due to RA or OA needs MEDICAL CLEARANCE (at least 6months) & PREMEDICATION

Front 12

what are some links between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis

Back 12

elevated erythrocytes, the fewer the teeth the greater risk of joint inflammation, poor OH due to inability to perform hygiene

Front 13

what are some treatment modifications when treating a rheumatoid arthritis patient

Back 13

limited opening of mouth, TMJ issues, delayed healing, short appointments, anterior open bite

Front 14

what are some radiographic changes related to rheumatoid arthritis

Back 14

erosion of condyles, reduced translation, sclerosis of the condyle eminence

Front 15

what is addisons disease

Back 15

insufficient amount of hormones produced by adrenal glands, too little cortisol & aldosterone

Front 16

what does cortisol & aldosterone do in the body

Back 16

hormones... cortisol helps body respond to stress, aldosterone maintains BP, balances sodium (loss) and potassium (retains)

Front 17

addisons disease is onset at ______ years old, it affects both ____________. the disease can be life _______.

Back 17

30-50 years old, affects men & women, can be life threatening

Front 18

where are the adrenal glands located? what are their functions?

Back 18

above the kidneys, they are a part of the endocrine system, they release hormones & tell the body what to do

Front 19

the primary cause of addisons disease is _________ the secondary cause is _________.

Back 19

primary cause- damaged adrenal glands... secondary cause- diseased pituitary glands

Front 20

when taking a corticosteroid like prednisone what must you consider when trying to stop treatment

Back 20

you must wean yourself off of it... cannot abruptly stop taking prednisone

Front 21

what signs & symptoms of addisons disease

Back 21

muscle weakness, fatigue, weight loss, decreased appetite, hyperpigmentation, low BP, nausea, depression, body hair loss

Front 22

what is an addisons crisis

Back 22

a life threatening occurrence... low blood sugar, high levels of potassium... must administer saliva & corticosteroids IV

Front 23

what are some oral manifestations of addisons disease? what are some treatment modifications?

Back 23

hyperpigmentation, delayed healing, susceptible to infection.... eliminate stress, may have low BP, am appt, MEDICAL CONSULT

Front 24

what is myasthenia gravis

Back 24

autoimmune, neuromuscular disease, weakness/ fatigue of the voluntary muscle, breaks down connection of nerves & muscle

Front 25

what gland is involved in myasthenia gravis

Back 25

thymus gland

Front 26

where is the thymus gland located

Back 26

near breast bone, part of lymph system

Front 27

can you use a cavitron with a patient suffering frommyasthenia gravis?

Back 27

No cavitron due to difficulty breathing

Front 28

Whatcauses more weakness in a patient suffering from myasthenia gravis?

Back 28

More use of the muscle causes more weakness

Front 29

what are some signs & symptoms of myasthenia gravis

Back 29

weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath, drooping eyelids, difficulty swallowing, respiratory muscles affected

Front 30

what dental hygiene modifications should be made for a patient suffering from myasthenia gravis

Back 30

cool room, nitrous to reduce anxiety, reduce infection, no power scalers & air polishing, mouth prop, dark glasses, careful giving antibiotics

Front 31

what do you have to have precaution when giving antibiotics to a myasthenia gravis patient

Back 31

some antibiotics have muscle relaxing properties

Front 32

myasthenia gravis patients have a potential respiratory risk, what dental hygiene instruments are contraindicated

Back 32

power scalers (cavitron) & air polishing

Front 33

during treatment of a myasthenia gravis patient they are unable to speak, have rapid shallow breathing, anxiety, drooping eyelids and trouble swallowing... what is happening? how can you treat this medical emergency?

Back 33

Due to medication, the muscles that help this patient breathe are becoming too weak to do their job.... call 911, suction, provide airway, CPR

Front 34

what does SLUD stand for?

Back 34

salivation, lacrimation, urination, defication

Front 35

what occurs during a cholinergic crisis in myasthenia gravis patients? what should you do?

Back 35

over medicaion (too much Ach), symptoms occur 1 hour after taking meds, sometimes involves SLUD.... call 911, stop meds, watch respiration

Front 36

what is marfan syndrome

Back 36

rare inherited disorder, CT disease... affects heart, eyes, BVs, bones... excessive tallness, slender farm, arm span is longer than height

Front 37

what happens to the oral cavity of patients with marfan syndrome

Back 37

high arch palate, crowded teeth, mandible is prognathic, posterior cross bite, TMJ

Front 38

what are some dental hygiene treatment modifications when treating a marfan syndrome patient

Back 38

update med hx (no heart surgery?), tinted googles, watch for heart issues, pregnancy, crowded teeth

Front 39

define scleroderma

Back 39

chronic autoimmune rheumatic condition, connective tissue disorder, over production, hardening & tightening of skin

Front 40

what age group & sex predilection is scleroderma most frequently seen in

Back 40

30-50.. common in women

Front 41

what are some characteristics of scleroderma

Back 41

depression, fatigue, Sjorgens syndrome, raynauds penomenon, skin becomes hard, rigid & mouth is tight

Front 42

what is sjogrens syndrome? what autoimmune disease is it found in?

Back 42

found in scleroderma...chronic rheumatic autoimmune disease, xerophthalmia (dry eyes) & xerostomia (dry mouth)

Front 43

what is raynauds phenomenon? what autoimmune disease is this found in?

Back 43

found in scleroderma... response to cold & stress, pain & color changes in fingers and toes

Front 44

Scleroderma has a 70% chance of affecting the oral cavity, what oral characteristics may be seen in scleroderma?

Back 44

tooth mobility, xerostomia, difficulty speaking & swallowing, rigid tongue, widening of PDL, alveolar bone resorption, prone to oral disease, microstomia (small mouth)

Front 45

if a patient with scleroderma has severe xerostomia what may you treat it with?

Back 45

saliva substitutes or pilocarpine

Front 46

what other immune disease may be seen in patients with scleroderma?

Back 46

rheumatoid arthritis & lupus

Front 47

what oral hygiene instructions could you give to a patient with scleroderma

Back 47

floss aids, enlarged handle, small head toothbrush, diet counseling, oral exercise

Front 48

multiple sclerosis is

Back 48

a chronic breakdown of the myelin sheath in the brain & spinal cord, affects the CNS

Front 49

what are the damages called during multiple sclerosis

Back 49

plaques

Front 50

what age and sex predilection is most involved with multiple sclerosis

Back 50

20-40 (early adulthood), common in women

Front 51

characteristics of multiple sclerosis

Back 51

paralysis, numness, tremor, loss of balance, loss of bowel, lack of coordination, involuntary motion of the eyes, weakness, susceptibility to respiratory infection

Front 52

what are some oral conditions present in multiple sclerosis

Back 52

trigeminal neuralgia, paresthesia, xerostomia, facial palsy, speech disorder

Front 53

multiple sclerosis has periods of remission.. how long do attacks last, how long can remission last, what are risk factors for relapse?

Back 53

attackmay last days or weeks, remission could be weeks or years· Condition worse with each attach.......Risk factors for relapse: infection & pregnancy