Dental Anomalies

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Dental anomalies

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deviation from normal

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without teeth

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Anodontia

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Types of Anodontia

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- total anodontia
- partial anodontia

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congenital absence of all teeth

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total anodontia

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some congenitally missing teeth

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partial anodontia

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most commonly missing permanent dentition

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Third Molars (Maxillary > Mandibular)

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second most commonly missing teeth

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Maxillary Lateral Incisor

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third most commonly missing teeth

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Mandibular 2nd Premolar

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teeth that form in excess of the normal dental formulas for each quadrant

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supernumerary teeth

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small supernumerary tooth between central incisors

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mesiodens

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supernumerary tooth distal to third molar

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distomolar (4th molar) (paramolars)

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most common location in mandible for supernumerary tooth

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mandibular 2nd premolar

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distomolar happens more often in __________ than _________

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- maxillary
- mandibular

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distomolars _______ erupt into oral cavity

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rarely

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most common anomaly in tooth shape in anterior region of permanent dentition

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peg lateral incisor

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Peg laterals most commonly happen in the

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maxillary

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results from splitting of single forming tooth

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Gemination (Twinning)

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Gemination has ____ root(s) but appears as ___ crown (s)

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- 1
- 2

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Most common area for Gemination

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maxillary central and lateral incisor region

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Gemination is the opposite of

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fusion

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Fusion is

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two roots fusing into one crown

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Fusion is the union of ___ adjacent tooth germs, and always involves ______

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- 2
- dentin

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An unusual incisor and molar shape may occur in both dentitions as a result of syphilis

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Hutchinson's teeth

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Maxillary and Mandibular incisors may be screwdriver shaped, broad cervically and narrowing incisally with a notched incisal edge and may be referred to as

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Hutchinson's incisors

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Molars with multiple tiny tubercles with poorly developed indistinguishable cusps are known as

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mulberry molars

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extra small enamel projections or extra accessory cusp

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tubercles

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a third lingual cusp that may develop on a mandibular molar on the lingual surface

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Tuberculum intermedium

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is what the extra cusp is called if it is located on the distal marginal ridge

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Tuberculum sextum

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small, rounded nodules of enamel with tiny core of dentin

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enamel pearl

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Radiographically enamel pearls appear as

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small round radiocapacities

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Enamel pearls are mostly found

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in distal of third molars and the buccal root furcation of molars

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"Bull" or "prism" teeth

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Taurodontia

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________ has a long pulp chamber without constriction at CEJ

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Taurodontia

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Taurodontia only occurs on

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permanent teeth

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appears like the "claw of an animal"

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Talon Cusp

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small enamel projection in cingulum area of Maxillary or Mandibular anterior permanent tooth

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Talon Cusp

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Talon cusp is often mistaken for superimposed supernumerary tooth over an anterior tooth or dens en dente because

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it has pulp horns in cusp

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very small but normally shaped tooth

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Microdontia

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very large but normally shaped tooth

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Macrodontia

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Severe bend or distortion of tooth root and/or crown, often approximating 45-90 degree angle

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Dilaceration

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means tooth within a tooth

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Dens En Dente

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Developmental anomaly resulting from invagination of enamel organ within crown of rooth

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Dens En Dente

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Dens En Dente is most commonly in

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Maxillary Lateral Incisor

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Dens En Dente can be confused with _________ on radiograph

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Talan cusp

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Superficial fusion of two adjacent teeth at root through cementum only

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Concresence

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Normal sized crowns with short roots, associated with orthodontics

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Dwarfed roots

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Excessive formation of cementum around root of a tooth after tooth has erupted

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Hypercementosis

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Hypercementosis can be due to

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- trauma
- metabolic dysfunction
- periapical inflammation

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Extra Roots

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Accessory Roots

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Accessory Roots most often occur in

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third molars, canines and premolars

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Fail to erupts due to mechanical obstruction

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Impacted teeth

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Failure to erupt is due to

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man's decreasing jaw size

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tooth in different position where it is supposed to be

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Transposition

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Transposition is most common in

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canines (Maxillary > Mandibular)

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tooth rotation is most common on

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- maxillary 2nd premolar
- maxillary incisor, 1st premolar
- mandibular 2nd premolar

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teeth that erupt into oral cavity but fail to reach occlusion with opposing arch

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ankylosis

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Ankylosis is initiated by

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infection or trauma to PDL

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The ankylosed tooth has lost its periodontal ligament space and is truly ______ to the alveolar process or bone

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fused

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Imperfect enamel formation

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Amelogenesis Imperfecta

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hereditary disorder that affects enamel formation of both dentitions

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Amelogenesis Imperfecta

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Amelogenesis Imperfecta can be a complete or partia lack of

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enamel

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Cause during enamel formation by ingestion of high concentration of fluoride in water

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Fluorosis

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The fluorine content of some naturally occuring mineral water that causes this condition is many times greater than

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one part per million

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Fluorosis is characterized by

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- molted enamel - yellow/white spots
- severe pitted enamel

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high fever can cause _______ damage

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enamel

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pitted enamel is often the result of early childhood fever from such diseases as

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measles

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Dentin forming imperfections

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Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

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Hereditary disorder that affects dentin formation of both dentitions

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Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

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Dentinogenesis Imperfecta is characterized by

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- light, blue-gray to yellow teeth that appear opalescent

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Radiographically, deninogenesis imperfecta demonstrates a

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partial or total absence of pulp chambers and root canals

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Tetracycline taken by pregant women, infant, child during tooth formation and calcification causes

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Tetracycline Stains

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Wearing away of dentin by bruxism, which is excessive grinding or gritting

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Attrition

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Wearing away of tooth structure by mechanical means, usually improper brushing

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Abrasion

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Similar to abrasion but due to tooth flexure (bending) from heavy occlusal forces

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Abfraction

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Loss of tooth structure due to chemical means and affects smooth and occlusal forces

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Erosion

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Erosion can be caused by

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lemons, soft drinks, regurgitated stomach acids, idiopathic causes