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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mandibular canine is the only root that can be tilted mesially
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the crown of the mandibular second incisive tips slightly to the distal compared to the central
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Terminal hinge movement of the mandible is from Cr to B= Pure rotation
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co is 1 m anterior to CR
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during working mvt: ML cusp of first molar passes througt the lingual groove
During the non working mvt: ML cusp passes throught the DISTO BUCCAL groove |
During non working mvt, the DB cusp of mandibular first molar will oppose the ML cusp of Max first molar
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in a working mvt:
the oblique ridge of Maxillary first Molar passes through the distobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar |
a fissured groove is most likely found on lingual suface of maxillary molars
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the cervical outline of the pulpe cavities of the first and second maxillary molars is Romboidal
But The shape of the pulp chamber and the floor of the chamber is triangular |
root canals of the maxillary second molar join together like a Type 2 root
BUT Root canals of the maxillary first molar stay distinct like type 3 root |
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distolingual cup of First molar is also called Talon cusp
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During protrusion, the lateral pterygoid are assisted by the anterior belly of digastric and the omohyoid
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Bucco occlusal inclines of the maxillary guiding cusps = Lingual inclines of the maxillary buccal cusps
Linguo occlusal inclines of the madibular guiding cusps = buccal inclines of the linguals cusps of the mandibular posterio molars |
Determinants of occlusion are:
TMj Teeth muscle P 197 on dental decks |
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The four theoretical determinants needed to restore a complete and functional
occlusal surface of a tooth are: |
1. The amount of vertical overlap of the anterior teeth.
2. The contour of the articular eminence. 3. The amount and direction of lateral shift in the working side condyle. 4. The position of the tooth in the arch. |
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The basic principles for occlusal adjustment include:
• The maximum distribution of occlusal stresses in centric relation • The forces of occlusion should be borne as much as possible by the long axis of the teeth |
• When there is surface-to-surface contact of flat cusps, it should be changed to a point-to surface contact.
/When centric occlusion is obtained, never take the teeth out of centric occlusion |
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Reducing the curve of Spee reduces the vertical overlap of teeth
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In system (Class Ill): Lever
• Fulcrum = condyle • Force = muscles • Workload = teeth |
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Masticatory mucosa: covers the gingiva and hard palate.
- Epithelium: it has a keratinized or para keratinized stratified squamous epi thelium. - Lamina propria: has two layers: a thick papi llary layer of loose connective tissue and a deep reticular layer of dense connective tissue. |
Lining mucosa: covers all of soft tissue of the oral cavity except the gingiva, hard palate, and dorsal surface of the tongue
Composed of LIning epithelium, Lamina propria, submucosa(Submucosa absent in inferior of tongue) |
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Gingival fibers = five groups
periodontal ligament fibers =five groups |
Alveolo crestal group is part of PDL groups
Dento periosteal group= part of gingival groups |
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Junctional epithelium is composed of internal basal lamina and external basal lamina
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Internal basal lamina is composed of :
lamina Densa: near enamel Lamina Lucida: to which hemidesmosomes are attached |
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Bone is composed of two thirds inorganic matter and one third organic
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Free endings, which have a t ree-like configuration and carry pain sensation.
2. Ruffini-like mechanoreceptors, located primarily in the apical area. 3. Coiled Meissner's corpuscles, also mechanoreceptors, found mainly in the mid root region. 4. Spindle-like pressure and vibration endings, which are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and located mainly in the apex |
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Peridontium =
Gingiva Attachment apparatus |
determination of collagen content = Hydroxyproline content
Not glycine Elastine does not have hydroxylisine |
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PDl does not contain elastin but contains immature forms of elasstin like Oxytalan+Eluanin
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Reparative capacity of PDl and epithelial tissue is greater adn gingival tissue
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PDl have mast cell, macrophage , histiocyte(tissue macrophage ) and some eosinophyle
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Most nerve fibers are myelinated in the pdl
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the smallest attached gingiva= between lower canine and first premolar
BUT also near the mesiobuccal root of mandibular first molar |
the smallest papillary gingiva is between second premolar and first molar
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Dental lamina comes from oral epithelium during the 6th week of development
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unmyelinated fibers innervate the vessels of the pulp
Myelinated fiber are sensory of Trigeminal nerve Much more unmyelinated in the pulp Much more myelinated in the PDL |
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During apposition Stage:
Enamel dysplasia concrescence Enamel pearls |
Circumpulpal dentine is more mineralized than mantle dentin
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Dento enamel Junction shape is decided in the bell stage
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the largest incisal embrasure is found between the lateral and canines sup
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transverse ridges are most common in inferior molars and maxillary premolars
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maxillary first molar has 4 lobes or 5 if carabelli
max and mand molars= 4 lobes second mand premolar and first molar = 5 lobes |
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the mandibular third molar is the most missing and impacted and has oversized anomalies
BUT the maxillary third is the most variable in shape and has undersized anomalies |
mandibular first molar is concidered the corner stone of the dentition
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order of shape variation:
Maxillary third//////maxillary lateral///// mandibular second premolar |
second mandibular molar has 3 fossa with pits, 2 transverse ridges and 1 buccal groove with pit
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total number of pits in the max first molar= total number of pits in mand secondary premolar
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attached gingiva is the narrowest in front of mandibular first premolar
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A lingual pit is most common in max lateral incisor
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a child of 6.5 year has 6 permanent teeth and 18 primary
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lingual cusps (guiding) in inferior molars accomodate the working mvt
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the premolar that has one single pit is the second mandibular premorl Y shape
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Maxillary canine is the only anterior tooth vertically positioned when viewed proximally
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Developmental grooves are those that seperate the cusp ridges from marginal ridges
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Temporary molars have flatter facial and lingual surfaces from occlusal to cervical ridges than the permanent
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Maximum intercuspal position is the most superior position
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the oblique ridge in the center of the tooth has same height as the marginal ridges
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Mesiolingual(between the palatal and the mesial canal) line in the first maxillary molar is the longest in the triangle
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Cusp tip of the max canine in class 1 doesnt contact anything
BUT Cup ridges contact inferior canine and first premolar |
in healthy people, the height of interproximal crest is related to cemento enamel lines
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Centric relation = retruding contacting position
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Facial surfaces of mandibular molars are located medial to the border of the assending Ramus
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First premolar has the narrowest attached gingiva
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Dental Papilla and inner enamel eptihelium form the dentinoenamel junction
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when viewed from the proximal,
the facial outline of the mandibular canine forms one arc, Is different from the maxillary canine |
in normal occlusion , attrition appears in
Linguo incisal of first max incisors and canines Facio incisal of the mand canines |
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second mandibular premolar in comparison to second maxillar premolar
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the tip of the lingual cusp of mandibular premolar is closer to the lingual border of the crown
the occlusal outline of the mandibular premolar is more square the root of the mandibular is more round facial and lingual cusp |
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Mandibular central and lateral incisors are the only ones that have lingual cervical lines more apical than facial cervical lines
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Maxillary second molar cross section in the cervical level is triangular
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Both lingual cups of Mandibular Premolars dont oppose anything
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tmj has two synovial cavities
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faciolingual cross section of the maxillary canine has it s largest portion in the cervial third of the crown
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The incisal ridge of the crown of the maxillary central incisor is on line with the center of the root
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Mandibular central incisor temporary has the smallest facio lingual dimension of the crown
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Mandibular first molar has the most distinctly separated mesial portion from the rest of the tooth by a transverse ridge
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the condyle on the working side rotates about a vertical axis and translates laterally
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at 7 years old, you will have 6 permanent teeth and 18 temporary
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the crown of maxillary temporary first molar = permanent maxillary second premolar
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Mesial inclinaison of lingual cusps is present on both first and second maxillary premolars
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in ideal cuspation; the facial surface of inferior canine opposes the marginal ridges of of superior lateral and canine
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the non working pathway of the maxillary cusps on the mandibular posterior teeth is toward teh distofacial
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in ideal inercuspation
the tip of the infirior canine passes mesial to the tip of the maxillary canine |
mandibular central and mandibular lateral have concavities on both sides of the roots
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Because of the grooves, caries arise easily on the facial surface of mandibular molars and lingual surfaces of maxillary molars
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the desing of the restored occlusion depends upon:
Contour of the articular eminence Position of the tooth in the arch Amount of lateral shift of the rotating condyle Amount of vertical overlap of anterior teeth |
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Central superio incisor has a cingula, mamelon , marginal ridge and cervical ridge
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the canine and first prmolars are the most vertically aligned teeth in the upper arch
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the higheest and sharpest cusp in primary mandibular first molar is the mesiolingual
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the transverse ridge will mostly occur in the inferior temparary first molar separating the mesial and distal with distal bigger
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in comparison btw MD and FL dimensions of the mandibular first molar.
the MD is slightly longer |
in CO,
the second inferior lateral incisive occlude with: Distal marginal ridge of first incisive Mesial marginal ridge of lateral MAXILLARY LATERAL INCISOR 2-3mm CERVICAL |
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interference in the non working side occurs in the inner inclines of supporting cusps
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the only primary tooth that exhebit facial and lingual prominent cervical ridge is the first temporary incisor
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the ligament that has an oblic portion and limits the opening of the mouth, and also initiates the translation of the tooth is
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the temporo mandibular
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Stylogloss muscle retracts the tongue
geniogloss protracts the tongue |
Disto facial cusp of sup first molar opposes distofacial groove of the mandibular first molar
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Mandibular lateral translation Bennet mvt occurs in the earliest stage of the lateral movement
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calcification of primary teeth starts a 4.6 months and ends:
Central: 6-9 weeks lateral: 10-12 weeks first molar: 6 months canine: 9 months Second: 10-12 months |
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the canine when viewed from the facial view is Pentagonal 5 sides
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in a protrusive relation, the mandibular canine in a classe 2 relation, occludes with max canine and lateral ,
Attention , not maxillary canine and premolar |
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when the mouth is open widely , the disc is positioned anteriorly
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JE SUIS LE MEILLEUR
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