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41 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Define "In Situ"
In the original place or site.
What is Histography?
The study of ways in which history is written (viewpoints/emphases).
Define "Secondary Source"
A source produced after the period it describes.
Define "Primary Source"
A source that comes from the time being investigated.
What are artefacts?
Objects made, used or changed by humans.
What are sources?
Evidence collected and compiled from a particular period of time and come in various forms.
Define "Archaeology"
The study of the human past by examining artefacts.
Define "History"
The study of the human past by examining written evidence.
Define "Locus"
The specific spot where an object is uncovered.
Define "Stratigraphy"
The study of the layers of strata/ levels of civilisation.
Define "Trench"
A deep cut into the earth made by archaeologists to see if a site is worth excavating.
Define "Tell"
A mound which shows evidence of human habitation.
Define "Sherd"
A fragment of pottery.
Define "Baulk"
A wall of an excavated pit left intact as a record of strata uncovered.
What is potassium-argon dating?
A dating process used on volcanic rock which measures the amount of radioactive argon in the rock.
What is seriation?
A system of arranging objects from least to most advanced.
What is dendrochronology and where can it be used?
A dating process which uses tree-ring growth. It can be used in trees/ anything with natural wood from trees.
What is carbon 14 dating? Where/ what can it be used on?
A dating process which measures the amount of radiocarbon in organic materials. it can be used on anything which was once living from 50,000 to 400 years old.
What are mistranslations?
language problems connected with the translation of sources.
e.g. Red Sea = Sea of Reeds.
What is a pet theory?
When a historian/ archaeologist develops a theory/ hypothesis about the past and attempts to prove it. They are selective in choosing the sources these to argue cases, and I gm or evidence which does not support their theory.
e.g. Heinrich Schliemann believed Homes account of the Iliad in regards to the siege of Troy. When he identified a mound in Turkey as Troy, he found seven ancient cities of Troy. In his enthusiasm, he identified the wrong level as being Troy from the Iliad and became reckless in his dig, destroying valuable evidence.
What is anachronism?
Anything out of place in its time or context.
e.g. A modern film showing a Roman soldier wearing a wristwatch.
Define "Pit"
An excavated hole worked by archaeologists.
Define "Excavation"
The systematic digging up of an archaeological site.
What is a complimentary source?
A source which presents similar or supporting views on a historical event.
What is a contradictory source?
A source which presents a different opinion on a historical event.
How is evidence lost/ destroyed?
1. Natural decay: e.g. metals rust, bacteria feeds on materials and breaks them down, etc.
2. Human intervention: e.g. buildings are demolished to make room for modern construction, grave robbers, etc.
How is evidence preserved?
Natural Preservation: e.g. dry air absorbs moisture and stops the work of bacteria, waterlogged areas stop the work.of bacteria as there is no oxygen, etc.
Human Intervention: e.g. tombs, mummification, library records, etc.
What are some issues regarding the reliability of sources?
- Bias
- Deliberate distortion
- Lack of access to evidence
- Mistranslation
What types of questions would a historian ask?
Hypothetical questions to set parameters for historical investigations.
Aeroplane Photography
Photographs of the landscape taken from a plane suggest structures exist underground.
Satellite Photography
Measures light reflected from the earth and infra-red light given off by the earth.
SLAR
Sideways Looking Airborne Radar: Uses radar waves which penetrative jungles and bounce back as radar "pictures".
Resistivity Survey
Measures the electric current passing through the ground.
Archeo-Magnetic Survey
Measures the amount of magnetism in the earth.
List some ways in which sites can be found.
- Aeroplane Photography
- Satellite Photography
- SLAR
- Resistancy Survey
- Archeo-Magnetic Survey
How are cities buried?
- Houses initially built on natural surface.
- Houses collapse, mud bricks used to build them dissolve and add to the height of the surface.
- New people build new construction on top.
- A mound forms.
Archaeologist
Distinguishes between levels.
Surveyor
Places sites on a map.
Geologist
Discerns between rocks.
Architect
Walls and doors.
Doctor
Analyses human remains.