Cytotoxic Agents

Front 1

Monoclonal antibodies

Back 1

●Laboratory produced antibodies that attach to cancer cells
● makes cancer cells more visible to the immune system
● blocks growth signals
● deliver radiation to cells or slip powerful drugs into cells

Front 2

Traditional cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs

Back 2

●Cytotoxic drugs are most active against rapidly dividing cells, both malignant and normal.
● each drug dose kills a specific percentage of cells all malignant cells must be killed. Reduce the number to a small enough amount the immune system can kill the rest

Front 3

Tumor lysis syndrome

Back 3

Occurs with leukemia and lymphoma. Serious life-threatening adverse effects as large number of cancer cells are killed or damaged, and contents released into the blood.
can cause: hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, hypomagnesaemia, hypocalcemia and acidosis.
treatment: aggressive hydration, IV bicarb, allopurinol, maintain urine pH of 7 to prevent uric acid crystals in kidneys , IV dextrose and insulin, kayexalate, phosphate binding agents, hemodialysis

Front 4

Alkylating agent
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

Back 4

Nitrogen mustard derivative
MOA: interferes with cell division and structure of DNA during all phases of the malignant cell cycle ●broad spectrum activity

Front 5

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

Back 5

Clinical uses: Hodgkin's disease, non-hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia, cancer of the breast, lung or ovary, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, lupus, RA
Adverse effects: bone marrow depression, nausea, vomiting, alopecia, hemorrhagic cystitis, hypersensitivity reaction, secondary leukemia or bladder cancer

Front 6

Antimetabolites
Methotrexate

Back 6

MOA: folic acid antagonist blocks folic acid which is needed for DNA synthesis.
Enters the cell as a metabolite or nutrients needed for cell reproduction

Front 7

Methotrexate

Back 7

Clinical uses: leukemias, non-hodgkin's lymphoma, osteosarcomas, cancers of the breast,lung, head and nec, psoriasis, RA and lupus
Adverse effects: bone marrow depression, nausea vomiting, mucositis, diarrhea, fever alpecia

Front 8

Corticosteroids

Back 8

●Suppress or kill malignant lymphocytes
●used to treat complications of cancer
●brain metastases

Front 9

Antineoplastic hormone inhibitor drugs
Tamoxifen

Back 9

Anti-estrogen or estrogen receptor modulator
MOA: drug binds to estrogen receptors in normal and malignant cells
●in breast cancer drug competes with estrogen for receptor binding sites
●decreasing the growth stimulating action on malignant cells

Front 10

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Back 10

Used before surgery or radiation to reduce the size of the tumor

Front 11

Adjuvant chemotherapy

Back 11

Used after surgery or radiation to destroy or reduce microscopic metastasis

Front 12

Palliative chemotherapy

Back 12

Used in advanced cancer to relieve symptoms and treat or prevent complications