Cvt - Path Exam 1 Stress

Front 1

stress:

Back 1

-organism acted upon by forces that disrupt homeostasis
-adaptive capacity of individual
-hypothalamus becomes desensitized
-causes exhaustion

Front 2

What type of the reaction does the body give under stress?

Back 2

alarm reaction "fight or flight"

Front 3

What happens to the body during a sympathetic response?

Back 3

increased HR, increased BP, dilated breathing tubes, dilated pupils, colon shuts down, sweat glands open

Front 4

The 2 Neuroendocrine interactions are:

Back 4

1. catecholamine release
2. hypothalamic, pituitary and adrenal hormone release

Front 5

What hormones are released during a catecholamine release?

Back 5

norepinephrine and epinepherine

Front 6

norepinepherine:

Back 6

-similar to epinepherine
-produced by adrenal medulla
-released by sympathetic neurons
-vasoconstrictor with little effect on CO

Front 7

epinepherine:

Back 7

-similar to norepinepherine
-produced by adrenal gland
-has greater influence on cardiac output than norepinepherine
-responsible for glycogenolysis

Front 8

glycogenolysis:

Back 8

conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver and muscles

Front 9

aldosterone:

Back 9

-produced by adrenal cortex
-increases renal absorption of Na+ and increaes excretion of K+
-water follows Na+
-95% mineralocorticoid activity

Front 10

cortisol:

Back 10

-aka hydrocortisone
-95% glucocorticoid activity
-stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver
-inhibits uptake of glucose by cells preserving it for neurons
-catabolic in muscle, bone, lymphoid skin and adipose
-promotes gastric secretion
-immunosuppressant
-suppress inflammatory response

Front 11

gluconeogenesis:

Back 11

formation of glucose

Front 12

contraindication for cortisol:

Back 12

long term use bc it catabolizes in muscle, bone and lymphoid skin and adipose

Front 13

immunosuppressent:

Back 13

suppresses the formation of antibodies

Front 14

growth hormone:

Back 14

-levels increase with strenuous exercise and fear
-causes a parallel rise in cortisol

Front 15

prolactin:

Back 15

-stimulates milk formation in breasts
-increases with stressful physical and psychological stimuli
-increases with sexual stimuli

Front 16

testosterone:

Back 16

decreases after physical and psychological stressful stimuli

Front 17

amygdala:

Back 17

generates emotional reponses

Front 18

hippocampus:

Back 18

moderates emotional reponses

Front 19

endorphins:

Back 19

-raises pain threshold
-produces sedation and euphoria
-increases with exercise, drama, anticipation, etc

Front 20

What diseases can be caused by stress?

Back 20

hair loss, emotional tension, mouth sores, asthma, tics, tension headaches, backache, digestive disturbances, IBS, acne, menstrual irreg, impotence

Front 21

How does stress change with age?

Back 21

1. causes reduction of neurotransmitters at neuromuscular junctions
2. from retirement, loss of income, death and others
3. causes decreased immune response