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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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neoplasia:
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-new cell growth such as a tumor
-altered expression of cellular genes -implications for therapy change according to variations of the growth |
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benign:
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"-oma"
-adjacent tissue is not invaded (not invasive) -may block blood vessel or brain -histological exam is done to determine differentiation of cells |
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anaplasia:
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-extremely distorted cells
-differentiated pattern of cells compared to normal -the more poorly differentiated the cells, the more malignant it is. |
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2 types of malignant cells:
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1. carcinoma (epithelial origin)
2. sarcoma (mesenchymal or muscle origin) |
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3 ways tumors spread:
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1. direct invasion (metastisize)
2. lymphatics 3. blood stream |
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where do most tumors metastisize?
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in the liver
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Name exs of malignant tumors that end in "-oma".
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lymphoma, hepatoma, melanoma
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melanoma:
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-cancerous mole
-worst type of skin cancer bc it goes into the bloodstream |
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what type of tumor can be cured with radiation therapy?
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lymphoma
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How does a malignant tumor travel thru the lymphatics?
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1. tumor metastisizes
2. travels to lyphatics 3. travels to lymph nodes in one specific area 4. if removed, pt is 100% cured |
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How does a malignant tumor travel thru the blood stream?
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1. tumor metastisizes
2. travels to blood stream 3. moves throughout the entire body |
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Can all benign tumors be removed?
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No, benign brain tumors may not be removeable or may cause damage by the size if removed.
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grading:
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-degree of anaplasia
-this system is used as a standard for all MD's to understand |
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staging:
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-determines location and pattern of the spread of cells
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2 ways of staging:
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1. CT scan or an MRI
2. Radiography and surgery (to evaluate hard tissue like bones) |
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signs and symptoms of bone marrow cancer:
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1. pain
2. cachexia 3. bone marrow suppression (also from chemotherapy) 4. leukopenia 5. anemia 6. infection (low immune response) 7. hemorrhage |
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cachexia:
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wasting away from severe, long-standing illness such as cancer
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Why would a cancer patient have cachexia?
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An increase in metabolism results bc the cancer in the body is growing very fast
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What is the overall cure rate for cancer?
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51% and 3-5 yrs (except for prostate cancer which is 10-15 yrs bc of the slow growth)
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What is the cure rate for cancer surgery?
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-60% of patients survive
-most common treatment -best chance of a cure -vital structures are usually involved -margins of surgery are indicated |
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Radiation therapy:
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-kills cells beyond primary site
-when cancer is unresectable (can't be removed surgically) -damages nuclear DNA -destroys normal cells |
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Chemotherapy:
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-drugs that go throughout the body
-effects normal cells -chemicals are toxic |
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What is another name used for neoplasm?
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tumor
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What is the leading cause of death in the US?
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heart disease
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What is the 2nd leading cause of death in the US?
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cancer
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what is a very common symptom of cancer?
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chronic irritation
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