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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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who is most susceptible to infectious processes?
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very young and very old
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Types of pathogens:
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bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
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bacteria:
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-follow a typical pattern
-localized -increases WBC count and fever -Tx with antibiotics |
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sepsis:
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infection in the bloodstream which travels throughout the body
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What do antibiotics disrupt?
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normal microbial flora, fungi growth, decreases in vit K+
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bacteria:
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-cocci (staph, strep, pneumo)
-rods (pseudomonas, proteus) -aerobic or anaerobic -gram + or gram - |
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virus:
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-dependent on host for energy and replication
-can change, very adaptable -contain DNA and RNA -can lyse phagocytize or infect viral genetic material into the cell |
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fungi:
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-superficial (tinea)
-subcutaneous (chronic, granulomatous disease) -systemic; usually in soil predisposed immunosuppressed chemotherapy, AID's, antibiotics |
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4 families of parasites:
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1. Protozoa
2. Roundworm 3. Flatworm 4. Anthropods |
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What do parasites prefer?
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heat and humidity, insect vectors, sewage, contaminated raw meat or veggies, common in poor living conditions
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How are parasites diagnosed?
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by identification
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How does a microbial adhere?
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wound, bite, direct penetration
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Host defense system:
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barriers interrupted by invasive medical intervention such as tubes, catheters, etc.
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2 types of barriers in the host defense system:
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mechanical epithelial barriers and biochemical epithelial barriers
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Name 3 mechanical epithelial barriers of the host defense system.
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1. skin
2. mucous membranes (GI,GU,lungs) 3. burns, tubes, etc |
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Name 4 biochemical epithelial barriers of the host defense system.
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1. acid environment-skin,urine,vagina
2. HCl in stomach 3. Lysozyme in saliva 4. Sebaceous (oil) glands |
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What are the 5 signs of inflammation?
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1. redness
2. temperature increase (to kill bacteria) 3. swelling to dilute the process 4. pain (determines location) 5. loss of function (does not always occur) |
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Phagocytosis:
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"eat debris"
-neutrophils vital responders -release mediators (serotonin, prostaglandins) |
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Interferons:
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defense against viruses
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Fever:
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-hypothalmic thermoregulation
-inhibits bacteria >37 degF bacteria cannot survive |
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What host factors decrease resistance to infection?
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1. poor nutrition
2. chronic illness (cancer,diabetes,heart disease,renal failure) 3. acute illness (trauma or burns,splenectomy) 4. stress 5. imunocompromised host |
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What are the areas of concern for a third degree trauma patient?
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preventing infection and fluid loss problem
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What organ is very vascular and bleeds easily?
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spleen
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