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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a thrombosis?
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Formation of a blood clot within intact vessels
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Where/why does a thrombosis form?
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Virchow's Triad in Thrombosis (three primary abnormalities that lead to thrombus formation):
- Site of endothelial injury (most important) - Site of turbulent flow - Site of blood stasis |
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What are Lines of Zahn?
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- Characteristic of thrombi
- Laminations that appear grossly and/or microscopically - Produced by alternating layers of platelets, fibrin, and RBCs |
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What are the risk factors for forming a thrombus?
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- Abnormal blood flow = abnormal myocardial contraction → arrhythmia, dilated CM, or MI
- Hypercoagulability - Endothelial injury: myocarditis or endocarditis |
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Where do cardiac mural thrombi form?
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Wall of heart, usually at site of decreased contraction where blood flow is turbulent (secondary to MI)
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What is the significance of thrombi on L-side of heart?
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- Can embolize to various organs
- Decreases CO |
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What is the significance of thrombi on R-side of heart?
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- Can embolize to lungs
- Decreases CO |
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What is an emboli?
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Detached intravascular mass carried by blood to a site distant from the origin
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What are the types of emboli? What is the most common?
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- Thrombus (thromboembolism): most common
- Fat - Air - Amniotic fluid - Tumor |
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What is a potential consequence of emboli?
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May cause ischemic necrosis (infarct) in organ to which it travels
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Where do systemic emboli form?
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Heart: atrium, ventricle, valve (80%)
- 2/3 with LV infarcts - 1/4 with dilated LA Atherosclerotic plaque in vasculature - Abdominal aorta - Carotid artery |
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Where do systemic emboli travel? Where do they end up? Result?
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- Travel in arterial circulation:
- Destination: 75% to lower legs, 10% to brains, others to intestines, kidneys, spleen, upper extremities - Results in infarction of area supplied by vessel |
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Where do paradoxical emboli travel?
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Travel through heart defects into systemic circulation (eg, patent foramen ovale)
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