Culture

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stereotypes

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means of categorizing other based upon perception that are incomplete

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Variables that influence individual behavior within a culture

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educational level, language spoken, socioeconomic status or upward class mobility, gender, age, religion, country of birth

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How do you develop cultural competence?

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one who is actively in the process of becoming aware of his/her own assumptions, attempts to understand the worldview of his/her culturally diverse clients and families, develop and practice culturally relevant, sensitive and appropriate service delivery skills and practices

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Stereotypes can viewed as

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a means of categorizing others based upon perceptions that are incomplete

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What will help clinicians become sensetive to and aware of cultural varialbes that can impact service delivery?

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reading literature, conduction home visits, and talking to families and community members about the culture

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interference or transfer

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referes to an error in a student's second language that is directly produced by the influence of language one

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transfers can occur:

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in syntax, morphology, phonology, pragmatics, and semantics

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Silent period

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in which there is much listening and comprehension and little output, time to comprehend the new language before producing it, and can last 3-6 months

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code switching

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as the alternating or switching between two languages at the word, phrase, or sentence level; is part of natural bilingual development

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Language loss

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if L1 is discontinued or diminished, its common for second language learner to lose skills in that first language

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CLD children BICS takes

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approximately 2 yrs. in an ideal situation to develop ato a level commensurate with that of native speakers of L2

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CLD children CALP takes

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5-7 yrs. to develop to a native like level

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BICS

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involves face to face communication, participants can actively negotiate meaning and have a shared reality, it is found in the everyday world outside the classroom

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CALPS

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grasping the fundamentals of written language and adopting key literacy habits and not a shared reality, rely on linguistic cues for meaning and typical of the classroom; knowledge is not automatized and the sudent must actively use cognitive strategies to perform a task

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simultaneous bilingual acquisition

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occurs when 2 languages are acquired simultaneously from infancy

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How to alter the administration of standardized test to CLD students

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omit biased itmes, test beyond the ceiling, rephrase confusing instructions, repeat items when necessary, give instructions in english and L1, and extra example or demonstrations are just a few

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Ways to interpret standardized tests

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review results with family members and other people from culture to gain insight into students performance,
use informal measures to supplement standardized test scores, interpret test results in a team setting,