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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
animism
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belief in souls or doubles
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applied anthropology
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the application of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary social problems
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azande
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tribe in northern africa (sudan); heavy in witchcraft
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biomedicine
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western medicine, which attributes illness to scientifically demonstrated agents - biological organisms or toxic materials
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cargo cults
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postcolonial, acculturative, religious movements common in Melanesia that attempts to explain European domination and wealth and to achieve simliar success magically by mimicking European behavior
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communal religions
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in Wallace's typology, these religions have - in addition to shamanic cults - communal cults in which people organize community rituals such as harvest ceremonies and rites of passage
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communitas
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intense community spirit, a feeling of great social solidarity, equality, and togetherness; characteristic of people experiencing liminalty together.
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colonialism
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the political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended time
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cultural compatible development
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projects that harness traditional organizations and locally percieved needs for change and that have a cuturally appropriate design and implementation strategy
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development anthropology
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the branch of applied anthropology that focuses on social issues in, and the cultural development of, economic development
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derek freeman
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along with Margaret Mead, a classic example of how 2 anthropologists can come with drastically different takes on the same place and people.
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disease
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an etic or scientifically identified health threat caused by a bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite, or other pathogen
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emotionalistic disease
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theories that assume that illness is caused by intense emotional experiences
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durkheim
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said that the unity of the human social order is enhanced by symbolic association with and imitation of the natural order
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green revolution
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agricultural development based on chemical fertilizers, pesticides, twentieth-century cultivation techniques, and new crop varieties such as IR-8 ("miracle rice").
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illness
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an emic condition of poor health felt by an individual
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imperialism
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a policy of extending the rule of a nation or empire over foreign nations and of taking and holding foreign colonies
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liminality
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the crtically important marginal or in-between phase of a rite of passage
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magic
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use of supernatural techniques to accomplish specific aims
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mana
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sacred impersonal force in melanesian and polynesian religions
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medical anthropology
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unites biological and cultural anthropologists in the study of disease, health problems, health care systems, and theories about illness in different cultures and ethnic groups
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monotheism
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worship of an eternal, omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent supreme being
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naturalistic disease
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includes scientific medicine; theories that explain illness in impersonal systemic terms
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NGO
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nongovernmental organizations
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olympian religions
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in Wallace's typology, develop with state organization; have full-time religious specialists - professional priesthoods
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overinnovation
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characterisitic of development projects that require major changes in people's daily lives, especially ones that interfere with customary subsistence pursuits
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personalistic disease
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theories that attribute illness to sorcerers, witches, ghosts, or ancestral spirits
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polytheism
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belief in several deities who control aspects of nature
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religion
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beliefs and rituals concerned with supernatural beings, powers, and forces
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revitalization movements
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movements that occur in times of change, in which religious leaders emerge and undertake to alter or revitalize a society
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rites of passage
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culturally defined activities associated with the transition from one place or stage in life to another
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ritual
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behavior that is formal, stylized, repetitive, and stereotyped, performed earnestly as a social act; rituals are held at set times and places and have liturgical orders
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schistosomiasis
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disease caused by liver flukes transmitted by snails in habiting ponds, lakes, and waterways, often created by irrigation projects
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shaman
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a part-time religious practitioner who mediates between people and supernatural beings and forces
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taboo
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prohibition backed by supernatural sanctions
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totemism
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worship of an animal or plant apical ancestor of a clan
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underdifferentiation
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planning fallacy of viewing less developed countries as an undifferentiated group; ignoring cultural diversity and adopting a uniform approach (often ethnocentric) for very different types o fproject beneficiaries
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malinowski
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noted that magic and rleigion can reduce anxiety and allay fears.
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marx
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saw socioeconomic stratification as a sharp and simple division between two opposed classes: the bourgeoisie and the proletariat
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matai
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means chief; the matai system now refers to respect for elders
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