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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Agreement
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Defines the relationships and obligations between owner and contractor. |
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Bonds: Performance Bond |
Provides guaranty that if the contractor defaults or fails to perform, the surety will either complete the contract or provide the funds for completion. |
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Payment Bond |
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Certificates |
Includes certificates of insurance and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. |
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Conditions of the Contract |
Define the basic rights, responsibilities, and relationships of the parties associated in construction of a project. |
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General Conditions |
Applicability to almost all projects and are available as standardized documents that are prepared by professional associations. |
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Supplementary Conditions |
Modify the requirements of the general conditions when necessary to fit the needs of a specific project. |
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Addenda |
Written or graphic documents issued to clarify, revise, add to, or delete information in the original procurement documents or in previous addenda. Typically issued prior to the receipt of bids or proposals. |
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Contract Modifications
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Modifications after the construction agreement has been signed and additions to, deletions from, or modifications of the work to be done are accomplished by change orders, construction change directives, work change directives, field orders, architect's supplemental instructions, orders for minor changes, and written amendments. |
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Contracting Requirements
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Define the processes, rights, responsibilities, and relationships of the parties to the contract. |
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Procurement Requirements
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Not necessarily part of a contract, they are usually bound with other written construction documents into a project manual. |
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OmniClass
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Organizes library materials, product literature, and product information |
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UniFormat
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Organizing preliminary project descriptions, cost estimates and drawing detail. Characterized by their function |
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Project Description Categories (Can be used to arrange preliminary project descriptions and cost information) |
B. Shell C. Interiors D. Services E. Equipment and Furnishings F. Special Construction and Demolition G. Building Sitework Z. General |
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Preliminary Project Descriptions (PPDs)
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System to describe a project by its systems and assemblies before the particular materials and methods have been chosen. Used for: Preliminary cost estimates Drawing detail filing |
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MasterFormat |
Organizational structure providing numbers and titles for the variety of subject matter necessary for the construction, operation, and maintenance of a facility. |
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Divisions |
50 divisions, not all used 00 - Procurement and Contracting Requirements Group Specifications Group 01 - General Requirements Subgroup 02-19 - Facility Construction Subgroup 20-29 - Facility Services Subgroup 30-39 - Site and Infrastructure Subgroup 40-49 - Process Equipment Subgroup |
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Section Format
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Part1: General - describes administrative, procedural and temporary requirements unique to the section. Part2: Products - describes products, materials, equipment, etc that are required for incorporation into the project. Part3: Execution - describes installation or application. |
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Page Format
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Provides an orderly and uniform arrangement of text for each page of a specification section. 3 Objectives: - Present text clearly for easy reading - Provide an acceptable standard for use in specifications - Provide a flexible format compatible with current techniques and software |
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Four C's of Communication
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2. Concise - Eliminate unnecessary words 3. Correct - Present info accurately and precisely 4. Complete - Do not leave out important info. |
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Project Delivery
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The contractural relationships between the owner, A/E, contractor and the management services utilized to design and construct a project.
Moves a project from a concept to a completed facility. |
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Project Delivery Methods |
Design-Bid-Build Design-Negotiate-Build Construction Management Design-Build Owner Build |
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Design Services |
Can range from early studies or surveys, master planning, and programming to complete design services including preparation of contract documents for obtaining construction services. Can be divided into stages such as schematic design, design development, construction documents, procurement and construction administration. |
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Construction Services |
Can include estimating, scheduling, contracting and actual construction as well as comprehensive management services. Involves a construction manager who can serve as an agent or advisor or perform construction as a contractor. |
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Quality:
Extent Time Cost |
Extent: The magnitude, form, function, and complexity of a project. Time: The project time is generally established by the owner in the project schedule developed during project conception. Cost: The establishment of binding legal agreements documents the agreed-upon cost and sets the basis of payment. |
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The Agreement |
The written document signed by each party, and it is the legal instrument binding the parties to the contract. It defines the relationships and obligations existing between the parties. |
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Stipulated/Lump Sum |
An agreed amount for a described extent of work, based upon complete construction documents. |
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Unit Price |
Payment is made at a stipulated rate multiplied by the quantity completed. They are used in cases where the exact extent or quantity of work cannot be calculated accurately or determined in advance. |
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Cost plus a Fee |
Usually used only with negotiated contracts. The contract calls for compensation for the actual cost of direct expenses, plus an additional fee for overhead and profit. |
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Single-Prime Contract |
The owner has a contractural relationship with both the A/E and the contractor. The A/E and contractor have no agreement with each other. Ex. Design-Bid-Build/Design-Negotiate-Build |
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Multiple-Prime Contracts |
The work is divided among several contractors, and each enters into a separate contract with the owner. May be a result of the fast track scheduling or may be used to control bidding. |
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Design-Build |
When design and construction services are combined. |
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Design-Bid-Build |
- Traditional method of moving a project from conception to completion. - Project conception, design construction documents, competitive bidding and construction. - The design is completed prior to bidding/pricing and construction. - Involves competitive bidding - Involves a third party relationship between the owner and contractor. |
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Benefits of D-B-B |
- All participants in the building industry are familiar with this approach to a project. - Project schedules can be established in advance because the design is complete and stages of the project do not overlap. - Owner can be fully involved in the project design. |
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Limitations of D-B-B |
- "Bid-day surprise" - occurs when all of the bids recieved exceed the owners budget for the project, can cause time delays. |
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Design-Negotiate-Build |
- When only one contractor is involved. - More of an informal process and may not include specific procurement requirements or specific rules of engagement. - A firm may be selected without using formal procedures such as competitive bidding or complete documentation. - Factors to consider when deciding to negotiate: project funding, extent of work, costs, and time priorities. - Intended to produce excellent projects in the shortest possible time and lowest cost. |
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Benefits of D-N-B |
The owner can select a firm based on the firms experience, expertise, and interest in the project. |
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Limitations of D-N-B |
The lowest cost may not be obtained due to the absence of competition. |
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Construction Management |
- Process of professional management applied to a construction project from conception to completion. - A CM may have the background of an A/E or Contractor - Most are not licensed. - Mostly used on projects with complex schedules or budgets and require extensive coordination. - Depends on project size, and complexity as well as projected inflation and interest rates, short time schedules. |
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CMa vs. CMc |
The CMa acts as the owners agent, advises the owner on the management of the design and construction of the project. The CMc generally consults with the A/E and owner, prepares preliminary project schedule, makes recommendations for phased construction, cost estimates, proposes a GMP and executes construction as a contractor. |
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Benefits of CM |
Involve multiple contracts or fast tracking |
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Limits of CM |
Projects that are small and simple in scope and contracted under a single stipulated sum are not suitable for the CM. The selection and hiring process of the construction manager can increase the overall time frame for the project. |
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Design-Build |
Owner contracts with a single entity for the complete design and construction of a project. The design-builder provides complete design service and performs construction under a single contract with the owner. *The single point of accountability that a single contract offers. |
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Benefits of D-B |
A single entity is responsible for design and construction. The single-contract arangement also offers more control over project timing and costs. Fast track scheduling is an available option(the db is able to maximize the value of the project by fulfilling the project description in the shortest amount of time for the least cost.) |
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Limitations of D-B |
The owner should not expect the same level of service to protect the owners interest as normally done. The extent of documentation may not be the same.(ex. specs may be replaced by manufacturers data sheets.) Requires attentive management on the part of the owner. |
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Owner-Build |
- The owner is involved in aspects of contracting for every part of the construction project. - Contracts are between owner and specialty contractors. - May have in house A/E services. - Includes multiple prime contracts. |
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Green Building(defined by ASTM) |
One that meets performance requirements with minimal negative impact on and maximum improvement of the ecosystem during and after construction and expected service of life. |
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Sustainable design |
- involves, developing healthier methods of construction, operation and demolition - using resources more efficiently |
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Six fundamental sustainable design approaches: |
1. Site Optimization 2. Use of Energy 3. Water Use 4. Building Materials and Products 5. Indoor Environmental Quality 6. Optimizing Operational and Maintenance Practices. |
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Energy Star Program |
Where individual building products are rated for compliance with sustainability criteria. |
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LEED Program |
Certifies the sustainability of new, remodeled, or existing facilities based on their compliance with USGBC criteria. |
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Six impacts a product makes on the environment during each of the aforementioned stages: |
1. Global warming potential 2. Acidification 3. Nitrification Potential 4. Natural resource depletion 5. Solid waste produced 6. Indoor air quality |
