Csd 315 Quiz #2

Front 1

Central Nervous system

Back 1

Consist of brain and spinal cord. The components are housed within the bones (skull or vertebral column)

Front 2

Peripheral nervous system

Back 2

sensory and motor nerves; 12 pairs of cranial nerve and 31 pairs of spinal nerve and sensory receptors. components housed outside of the bone

Front 3

Automatic

Back 3

Governs involuntary activities of the visceral muscle. Found in glandular secretion, heart function, and digestive function.

Front 4

Somatic

Back 4

Voluntary components; important to speech

Front 5

Anatomy of CNS & PNS

Back 5

Glia Cells- nutrients to neurons, supports, phagocytosis, myelin

Neuron- communicating tissues

Ganglia/nuclei- aggregates of cell bodies with functional unity

Cerebellum- aggregates of nuclei, specialized neurons, and tracts that integrate somatic + special sensory information with motor planning and command for coordinated movements

Cerebrum- all conscious sensory awareness and conscious motor functions including perception, awareness, motor planning

Front 6

Components of Neuron

Back 6

Dendrites- receptor region

Soma- contains metabolic organelles

Axon-transmit information from neuron

Myelin sheath- insulator of axion (schwann in PNS, Oligodendrocytes in CNS)

Neurotransmitter- substance that facilitates synapse

synaptic cleft- region between pre & post synaptic neurons

Front 7

Components of the element of a synapse

Back 7

when neurons is sufficiently stimulated, axon discharges neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft. Presynaptic- "upstream: form synapse and stimulates post synaptic neurons

neurotransmitters released stimulates receptor cells on postsynaptic

Front 8

morphological differences between bipolar, monopolar, multipolar neurons

Back 8

bipolar/multipolar- more than 2 process

monopolar- single; bifurcating process arising from soma (are most of sensory neurons in CNS)

Bipolar- smell, hearing, vestibular

multipolar- exist most in the body

Front 9

motor neurons vs. interneurons

Back 9

Motor- efferent in nature, typically bipolar (activates muscular/ glandular response)

Interneurons- make up largest class of neurons in brain (provides communication between other neuron, does not exist CNS)

Front 10

Characteristics of class A fibers

Back 10

Alpha- largest, fastest, both motor+sensory fibers

Beta- next largest, both motor+sensory

Gamma- next largest, motor only

Delta- next largest, sensory only (touch, pain, temp, pressure)

Front 11

Extrafusal

Back 11

outside striated muscle ( abs, glutes, etc) make up majority of muscles

Front 12

Intrafusal

Back 12

Deep inside muscle spindles

Front 13

functions of cerebral cortex in terms of reflexes

Back 13

processing conscious sensory information, planning and executing voluntary motor act, analyzing stimuli, performing cognitive functions, decoding and encoding lingustic information

Front 14

functions of spinal cord in terms of reflex arc

Back 14

1) afferent limb- feels stimulus and start impulse and neurons that carry impulses to CNS

2) reflex center in gray matter of CNS made up of axon of afferent neurons and its junction with cell body of efferent neurons

3) efferent limbs- efferent neurons and its branches, carries impulses from CNS to a muscle

Front 15

Muscle fibers contract

Back 15

action potential takes place at neuromuscular junction where calcium is founded in sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cytoplasm. Calcium is released like a password that gives the signal for tropomyosin to move from binding sites on the thin fliaments, they are freed up. the long and short/ thick and thin of it is that through a series of chemical chain events, cross bridges can be formed between molecules actin & myosin.

Front 16

Slow twitch

Back 16

takes longer to move, remain contracted 5X longer than fast twitch. (ex. back, neck for posture, base of tongue)

Front 17

Fast twitch

Back 17

fine, rapid movements (ex. tip of tongue)

Front 18

Bony Throax

Back 18

vertebrae, ribs, pectoral girdle, sternum, pelvic grindle

Front 19

Visceral repiratory system

Back 19

visceral means smooth. it incases linings in the lungs. consists of respiratory passageway (mouth, nose, trachea, bronchi), lungs

Front 20

Throacic vertebrae

Back 20

provides basis for respiratory framework because form posterior point of attachement for the ribs of the bony thorax

Front 21

Sternum

Back 21

provides focal point of rib cage; point of attachment of rib cage

Front 22

Structure of ribcage

Back 22

#1-7- true ribs, direct contact with sternum

#8-10- false rib cage, merge with cartilage

#11-12- floating ribs- isn't attach with sternum

Front 23

structure of C1

Back 23

atlas; support skull for rotation

Front 24

structure of C2

Back 24

axis- helps skull pivot