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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Myosin heavy-chain (MHC) proteins |
Can change from type IIx fibers to type IIa as a result of resistance training |
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Anabolic hormones |
Hormones that promote tissue building (insulin, IGF's, testosterone, growth hormone) |
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Catabolic hormones |
Degrade cell proteins to support glucose synthesis (cortisol, progesterone) |
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Lock-and-key-theory |
States that a given hormone interacts with a specific receptor |
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Cross-reactivity |
A given receptor partially interacts with hormones not specifically designed for it (i.e. allosteric binding) |
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Allosteric binding sites |
Areas at which substances other than hormones can enhance or reduce cellular response to the primary hormone |
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Downregulation of receptor function |
Inability for a hormone to interact with a receptor |
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Steroid hormones |
-Produced by adrenal cortex and gonads -Passively diffuse across sarcolemma of muscle |
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Hormone-receptor complex |
Result of the binding of hormone and receptor |
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Polypeptide Hormones |
-Composed of amino acids -Includes GH and insulin -Bind to receptors in blood or within cell membrane |
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Secondary messengers |
Required by polypeptide hormones to cross cell membrane due to lack of fat-solubility |
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Primary anabolic hormones |
Test, GH, IGF's are examples of:
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Testosterone |
Primary androgen hormone that interacts with skeletal muscle |
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Diurnal variations |
Normal fluctuations of hormone levels throughout the day |
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Growth Hormone |
-AKA somatotropin -Secreted by pituitary gland -Enhances cellular amino acid uptake and protein synth in skeletal muscle (with resistance training) |
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Insulin-Like Growth Factors |
-Polypeptide hormones -Secreted by liver after GH stimulates liver cell DNA to synthesize them -In blood, travel bound to binding proteins -Interact with receptors once they reach target tissue |
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Cortisol |
-Adrenal hormone which acts as the primary signal hormone for carb metabolism and is related to glycogen stores in muscle |
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Proteolytic enzymes |
Enzymes which break down proteins |
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Catecholamines |
-(epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine) -Secreted by adrenal medulla -Important for acute expression of strength and power -Act as central motor stimulators and peripheral vascular dilators |
