Cscs Chapter - 3

Front 1

Axial skeleton

Back 1

* skull, cranium, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

Front 2

# appendicular skeleton

Back 2

* shoulder girdle and bones distal to those structures, pelvic girdle and bones distal to those structures

Front 3

fibrous joints

Back 3

* sutures of skull
* allow almost no movement

Front 4

cartilaginous joints

Back 4

* allow limited movement
* vertebral disks

Front 5

synovial joints

Back 5

* elbow
* allow considerable movement
* hyaline cartilage

Front 6

uniaxial joint

Back 6

* operate like hinges (elbow)
* rotates on one axis

Front 7

biaxial joint

Back 7

* ankle/wrist
* movement around 2 perpendicular axis

Front 8

ultiaxial joint

Back 8

* shoulder/hip
* allow movement through all 3 directions

Front 9

vertebral column

Back 9

# cervical bones
* 7
# thoracic
* 12
# lumbar
* 5
# sacral
* 5
# coccygeal
* 3-5

Front 10

fleshy attachment

Back 10

* mostly found at proximal ends of a muscle
* muscle directly affixed to bone
o usually over a wide area
o force distributed

Front 11

fibrous attachments

Back 11

* tendons
o blend in/contiguous with muscle sheaths and CT surrounding bone (periostieum)

Front 12

synergist

Back 12

# assists indirectly in a movement

* control body motion when agonist crosses two joints
o in a squat rectus femoris is the agonist
+ glutes are the synergists - don let back come forward

Front 13

moment arm

Back 13

* perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the fulcrum
o line is infinitely long
o passes through point of application of force
o oriented in direction in which force is applied

Front 14

torque

Back 14

* the degree to which a force tends to rotate an object about a fulcrum
o magnitude of force x length of moment arm

Front 15

mechanical advantage

Back 15

* ratio of the moment arm through which an applied force acts to that through which a resistive force acts
o ration above 1.0 - mechanical advantage
o below 1.0 - mechanical disadvantage

Front 16

first class lever

Back 16

* lever where the muscle force and resistive force act on opposite sides of the fulcrum

Front 17

second class lever

Back 17

* muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum, with muscle force acting through a moment arm longer than that through which the resistive force acts
* calf muscles raising body up onto balls of feet

Front 18

third class lever

Back 18

* muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum, with the muscle force active through a shorter moment arm than that through with the the resistive force acts

Front 19

sagittal

Back 19

sections body into left and right

Front 20

frontal

Back 20

sections body into front and back

Front 21

transverse

Back 21

sections body into top and bottom

Front 22

acceleration

Back 22

change in velocity per unit time

Front 23

strength

Back 23

the maximal force a muscle or group of muscles can generate at a given velocity

Front 24

power

Back 24

# the time rate of doing work

* power=work / time

Front 25

Best pairing with an apple flan?

a: Meursault
b: Petrus
c: Loupiac
d: Soave

Back 25

c: Loupiac , a lower quality sweet wine from outlying Bordeaux

Front 26

angular displacement

Back 26

angle through which an object rotates

Front 27

angular velocity

Back 27

object's rotational speed

Front 28

rotational work

Back 28

# torque x angular displacement

* also uses to calculate rotational power

Front 29

weight

Back 29

9.8m/s^2 x weight in kg= weight in newtons

Front 30

What is a Tenuta?

Back 30

Italian term for estate, popular in Tuscany

Front 31

contcentric muscle action

Back 31

contractile muscle force is greater than the external resistive force

Front 32

eccentric muscle action

Back 32

muscle lengthens because the contractile force is less than the resistive force

Front 33

isometric muscle action

Back 33

muscle length does not change because resistive and contractile forces are equal

Front 34

weight

Back 34

mass x acceleration of gravity

Front 35

inertia

Back 35

weight + inertial force

Front 36

inertial force

Back 36

mass x upward accereration of bar

Front 37

friction

Back 37

# the resistive force encountered when attempting to move two objects in contact

* resistive force(Fr) = k x Normal force(Fn)
o k is the coefficient of friction for the two substances
o Fn is the force pressing the two objects together

Front 38

fluid resistance

Back 38

# Fr = k x v

* resistive force = constant reflecting characteristics of cylinder and piston, viscosity of fluid, number, size and shape of orifices x piston velocity

Front 39

elasticity

Back 39

* Fr = k x X
o k is constant
o X is distance elastic is stretched beyond resting length

Front 40

negative work and power

Back 40

* since power = force x velocity, when force is exerted in opposition to the movement of a load power has a negative sign
o i.e. controlled lowering during a bench
* occurs during eccentric movements
* denote work performed on a muscle, not by one