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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fractures considered highly specific for child abuse include: _
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posterior rib fractures*
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Fractures considered to be of moderate specificity include:
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Multiple, especially bilateral fractures, fractures of various stages of healing
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Compartment syndrome is when a group of muscles, their nerves, and vessels undergo _
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compressive forces resulting in vascular and nerve compression
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Compartment syndrome occurs when _
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vascular perfusion of the muscles and other tissues within a compartment decreases to a level that is inadequate to sustain the viability of these tissues.*
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What is the end result of compartment syndrome? When does this occur?
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The end result is necrosis of muscle and nerve tissues that can occur in as few as 4 to 8 hours.**
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Compartment syndrome most commonly occurs after _, and it may occur if _
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trauma, especially following crush injuries.*
if cast is too tight* |
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Failure to treat compartment syndrome may lead to:
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necrotic muscle, fibrotic scar tissue, muscular contracture and permanent dysfunction of all nerves traveling through the compartment.*
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What are the symptoms associated with compartment syndrome?
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5 P's
Pain, Hypoesthesia (paresthesias) Paralysis Pallor Pulselessness Only need 1 or 2 for diagnosis |
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How can you test for compartment syndrome?
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Extreme pain on stretching the long muscles that pass through the compartment
Inability to actively contract these muscles (making a fist or dorsiflexing the toes) is an indication of paralysis.* |
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How do you treat compartment syndrome?
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Surgical Fasciotomy of the compartment
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Swelling, pain aggravated by movement*, deformity, pain on palpation, and decreased function...all are symptoms of what?
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Fracture
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When diagnosing a fracture, be sure you document intact _, _ and _
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neuro, vascular, motor
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What do you do if a patient has the clinical appearance of a fracture but no fracture is seen on the x-ray?
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Bone scan*
CT scan* Splint then Repeat x-ray in 7-10 days* |
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Nonunion is an adverse outcome of a fracture and is the _
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Failure to heal to bone.*
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Malunion is an adverse outcome of a fracture and is _
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Healing with unacceptable deformity
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Osteomyelitis may develop from _. It is usually _
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an open fracture (or hematogenous spread)
pyogenic (bacterial) |
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What are the two most common organisms responsible for osteomyelitis?
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Staphylococcus aureus is the most common, Hemolytic streptococci
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What are a few symptoms associated with osteomyelitis?
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Unrelenting pain*
Fever* Reluctance to move the limb.* |
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What's the treatment for osteomyelitis?
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Parenteral Antibiotics!** (for a long time!)
Surgery |
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A sprain is the _
A strain is _ |
Stretching or tearing of a ligament or joint capsule.*
a stretching or partial tear of a muscle.* |
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What part of the body is a rupture most likely to occur in?
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Achilles,
This is the complete tear of a muscle or tendon typically described as a rupture |
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Where do you splint in case of a fracture/sprain?
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A joint above and a joint below
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A splint will reduce _, _, and _.
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pain, bleeding, and swelling
it may help prevent further damage to muscles, nerves, and blood vessels |
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Where is the proper location for crutches?
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A few inches below the axilla.
the handgrips should be even with the hips |
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What are the details you look at to describe fractures?
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Rotation, Overlap, Anguation, Displacement, Dislocation
(ROAD) |
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Displacement is the _
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amount of off-set of the distal fracture fragment relative to the proximal (answer in % of bone that is displaced)
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Angulation is the _
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angle away from the normal that the distal fragment makes with the proximal
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What are the cancers that are likely to be associated with bone cancer?
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LBPMKT
Lung, Breast, Prostate, Metastatic, Meyloma, Kidney, Throid Lytic bone probably means killing tumor |