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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
algorithm
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a general process for solving a category of problems
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aliases
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setting up two variables to refer to the same object
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block
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a piece of Python program text that is executed as a unit. the following are blocks: a module, a function body, and a class definition. each command typed interactively is a block
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boolean expression
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an expression whose value is either True or False
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clone
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DEFINE ME
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compound data type
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used to group together other values. the most versatile is the list
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conditional statement
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a statement that controls the flow of execution depending on some condition
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decrement
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an update that increases the value of a variable (often by one)
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dictionary
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a mapping from a set of keys to their corresponding values
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encapsulate
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the process of transforming a sequence of statements into a function definition
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evaluate
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solves
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exception
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refers to runtime errors; usually indicate that something exceptional (and bad) has happened
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file
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a text file is a sequence of characters on a permanent medium like a hard drive, flash memory, or CD-ROM
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float
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a type that represents numbers with fractional parts
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flow of execution
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the order in which statements are executed during a program
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format operator
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an operator, %, that takes a format string and a tuple and generates a string that includes the elements of the tuple formatted as specified by the format string
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function
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a named sequence of statements that performs some useful operation. may or may not take arguments and may or may not produce a result
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global variables
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a variable defined outside a function. can be accessed from any function
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immutable type
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the property of a sequence whose items cannot be assigned
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increment
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an update that increases the value of a variable (often by one)
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int
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a type that represents whole numbers
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iteration
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repeated execution of a set of statements using either a recursive function call or a loop
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keyword
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a reserved word that is used by the compiler to parse a program - if, def, and while
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local variable
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a variable defined inside a function; can only be used inside its function
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module
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a file that contains a collection of related functions and other definitions
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mutable type
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capable or subject to change
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nested list
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a list that is an element of another list
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None
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a special value returned by functions that have no return statement or a return statement without and argument
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operator
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a specific symbol that represents a simple computation like addition, multiplication, or string concatenation
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parameter
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a name used inside a function to refer to the value passed as an argument
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pixel
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relative to the resolution of the canvas, i.e. most often a computer display
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proprioception
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the measurement of movement relative to the robot's internal frame of reference
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recursion
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the process of calling the function that is currently executing
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robot
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a mechanism, an artificial entity, that can be guided by automatic controls
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runtime error
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the error that does not appear until after the program has started running
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semantic error
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will run the program successfully in the sense that the computer will not generate any error messages, but it will not do the right thing
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sequence
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an ordered set; that is, a set of values where each value is identified by an integer index
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short circuit evaluation
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denotes the semantics of some Boolean operators in some programming languages in which the second argument is only executed or evaluated if the first argument does not suffice to determine the value of the expression
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slice
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a part of a string specified by a range of indices
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str
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converts and argument into a string
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syntax error
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refers to an error in the structure of a program and the rules about that structure
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traverse
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FIND ME
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type conversion
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to convert values from one to another
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variable
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a name that refers to a value
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